Wieman Bose condensation

Carried out by Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman and Wol%ang Ketterle (Nobel Prize 2001 for discoverir a neiv state of matter ). In the Bose condensate the bosons (alkali metal atoms) are in the same place in a peculiar sense. The total wave function for the bosons was, to a first approximation, a product a[ identical nodeless wave functions for the particular bosons (this assures proper symmetry). Each of the wave functions extends considerably in space (the Bose condensate is as large as a fraction of a millimetre), but all have been centred in the same point in space. 

For achieving a Bose-Einstein condensate in dilute gases of alkali atoms, Eric A. Cornell and Carl E. Wieman ivere awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. Sharing the prize with Cornell and Wieman was Wolfgang Ketterle for his fundamental studies of condensates. 

Anderson, M.H., Ensher, J.R., Matthews, M.R., Wieman, C.E. and Cornell, E.A. (1995). Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor. Science 269, 198-201. 

Ensher J R, Jin D S, Mathews M R, Wieman C E and Cornell E A 1996 Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute gas measurement of energy and ground-state occupation Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 4984-7... 

Cornish, S.L., Claussen, N.R., Roberts, J.L., Cornell, EA., and Wieman, C.E., Stable Rb Bose-Einstein condensates with widely tunable interactions, Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, 1795, 2000. 

The development of techniques for cooling and trapping of atoms has led to great advances in physics, which have already been recognized by two Nobel prizes. In 1997 the prize was jointly awarded to Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. Phillips for their developments of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light [1-3]. In 2001, Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl E. Wieman jointly received the Nobel prize for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates [4,5]. 

Cornell, E.A. and Wieman, C.E., Nobel Lecture Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute gas, the first 70 years and some recent experiments. Rev. Mod. Phys., 74, 875, 2002. 

Inguscio, M., Stringari, S., and Wieman, C.E., Eds., Bose Einstein Condensation in Atomic Gases, lOS Press, Amsterdam, 1999 Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Eermi, Course CXL, Vareima, 7-17 July 1998. 

Myatt C, Burt R, Ghrist, Cornell E, Wieman C. (1997) Production of two overlapping Bose-Einstein condensates by sympathetic cooling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (4) 586-589,... 

Burt EA, Christ RW, Myatt CJ, Holland MJ, Cornell EA, Wieman CE. (1997) Coherence, correlations and collisions What one learns about Bose-Einstien condensates from their decay. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 337-340. 

Donley EA, Claussen NR, Cornish SL, Roberts JL, Cornell EA, Wieman CE. (2001) Dynamics of collapsing and expliding Bose-Einstein condensates. Nature 412 295-299. 

C. E. Wieman Dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensates. Nature 412, 295 (2001)... 

E.A. Donley, N.R. Claussen, S.T. Thompson, C.E. Wieman Atom-molecule coherence in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Nature 417, 529 (2002)... 

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