Sympathetic cooling

See Volume 5, Chapter 10 Sympathetically-Cooled Single Ion Mass Spectrometry by Peter Fr0hlich Staanum, Klaus Hpjbjerre and Michael Drewsen, and Volume 5, Chapter 11 Ion Trap A Versatile Tool for the Atomic Clocks of the Future by Fernande Vedel. 

In Section 10.2 is discussed the principal idea of our novel SCSI-MS (Sympathetically-Cooled Single Ion Mass Spectrometry) technique for performing single-ion mass measurements in the light of already well-established techniques. This discussion is followed by both a description of the current experimental arrangement, used for single molecular ion experiments (Section 10.3), and an account of the... 

FIGURE 10.4 Images of fluorescence from ions, (a) Two ions at thermal equilibrium in the trap, (b) A laser-cooled °Ca+ ion trapped together with a sympathetically-cooled " °Ca 0+ ion at thermal equilibrium, (c) The same two °Ca ions as in (a) but with a modulation voltage applied at a frequency near the COM mode resonance frequency of 98.7 kHz. (d) The same ions as in (b) but with a modulation voltage applied at a frequency close to the COM mode resonance frequency of 89.4 kHz. In all experiments, the radial trap frequencies were 380 kHz and the exposure time of the CCD chip was 100 ms. (Reproduced from Drewsen, M. Mortensen, A. Martinussen, R. Staanum, R Sprensen, J.L., Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93, 243201. With permission from the American Physical Society.)... 

Larson, D.J. Bergquist, J.C. Bollinger, J.J. Itano, W.M. Wineland, D.J. Sympathetic cooling of trapped ions a laser-eooled two-species non-neutral ion plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986,57, 70-73. 

Ostendorf, A. Zhang, C.B. Wilson, M.A. Offenberg, D. Roth, B. Schiller, S. Sympathetic cooling of complex moleeular ions to millikelvin temperatures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 243005. 

See Volume 5, Chapter 10 Sympathetically-Cooled Single Ion Mass Spectrometry by Peter Frphlich Staanum, Klaus Hojbjerre and Michael Drewsen. 

Chapter 10 Sympathetically-Cooled Single Ion Mass Spectrometry.291... 

A promising nonoptical technique relies on cooling of molecules by collisions with cold atoms. If the gas mixture of atoms and molecules can be trapped in a sufficiently small volume long enough to achieve thermal equilibrium between atoms and molecules, the optically cooled atoms act as a heat sink for the molecules, which will approach the same temperature as the atoms (sympathetic cooling) [1145]. 

Another method is based on the sympathetic cooling of molecules in a cold atomic gas which does not react with the molecules but cools their translational energy down to the atomic temperature. 

Samuehs, C., Tiesinga, E., Laue, T., Elbs, M., Knockel, H., and Tiemann, E., Cold atomic coUisions studied by molecular spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. A, 63, 012710, 2000. 47. Modugno, G., Eerrari, G., Roati, G., Brecha, R.J., Simoni, A., and Inguscio, M., Bose-Einstein condensation of potassium atoms by sympathetic cooling. Science, 294,1320, 2001. 

Sympathetically Cooled Molecular Ions From Principles to First Applications... 

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