Wideband Imaging

Imaging results with humans have shown the effectiveness of this system to detect body-worn, concealed threats fabricated with plastic materials such as C-4 and RDX bulk explosives and plastic flare guns. Wideband images from this system of a man carrying two concealed handguns - one in left pant pocket and one on abdomen tucked into belt - as well as several innocuous items including a wallet and checkbook are shown in Fig. 5. The resolution in these images is on the order of 1 cm. 

Fig. 5. Wideband images of man carrying two concealed handguns - one in left pants pocket and one on abdomen tucked into belt - as well as several innocuous items including a wallet and checkbook (images...

B. D. Steinberg, D. Carlson, and R. Bose, High resolution 2-D imaging with spectrally thinned wide-band waveforms , in Ultra Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 2, L. Carin and L. B. Felsen, Eds. New York Plenum, 1995, pp. 563-569. 

The wideband holographic imaging technique is very sensitive because of the active, coherent, heterodyne detection that is employed in typical systems [15-17], Therefore, the primary limitation on image acquisition is the time required to mechanically scan the transceiver. Two-dimensional raster scans are often used for laboratory experiments, and these typically require scan times on the order of 1-30 min. Practical systems employing linear switched antenna arrays and mechanical scanning reduce this time to 1-10 seconds [15-17],... 

The wideband holographic imaging technique is a wavefront image reconstruction, or focusing, technique that eliminates the need for physical focusing elements such as lenses or curved reflectors. This technique is essentially a way to mathematically focus the imaging data that are completely unfocused in the actual hardware implementation. 

Fig. 3. Optical (left) and 100-112 GHz wideband holographic image reconstruction (right) of a mannequin revealing a concealed Glock-17 handgun (images from [17] IEEE).

Fig. 7. Wideband 27-33 GHz holographic images of man carrying concealed simulated sheet explosive (duct putty). Optical (left), no explosive image (middle), and concealed simulant explosive (right).

PNNL s wideband holographic millimeter-wave imaging technology has been licensed to SafeView, (http //www.safeviewinc.com). SafeView has been recently acquired by... 

D. M. Sheen, D. L. McMakin, H. D. Collins, T. E. Hall, and R. H. Severtsen, Concealed explosive detection on personnel using a wideband holographic millimeter-wave imaging system, Proceedings of the SPIE - AEROSENSE Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, vol. 2755, pp. 503-513, 1996. 

Recent technologic innovations in ultrasound have resulted in improved diagnostic performance for the evaluation of superficial structures. Some of them have a role for penile imaging as well, in particular, wideband Doppler imaging and spatial compounding. Other innovations such as extended field-of-view and 3D rendering or reconstruction can be useful in selected cases. 

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