X-ray scattering, wide-angle analyses

A method is described which enables structural parameters of non-crystalline polymers to be determined. It is based on the analysis of wide-angle X-ray scattering and where possible incorporates the additional information obtainable from oriented specimens. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of the structure of molten polyethylene. The potential application of the approach to the structure of the amorphous phase in semicrystalline polymers is discussed. 

The more detailed study of the crystallite size distribution and crystallite arrangement in PPX matrix was carried out for cryochemically synthesized nanocomposite PbS-PPX films in the range of PbS content from 4.7 to 10.2 vol.%. The distribution curves obtained from analysis of wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) data is presented in Figure 10.5 [71, 86]. The curve for nanocomposite with 4.7 vol.% of PbS differs a little from histograms of the crystallite size distribution determined by TEM for nanocomposite films Ag-PPX and Pb-PPX with low metal content [75, 80]. It means that, as the average size of crystals, distribution in the sizes almost does not depend on nature of M/SC incorporated in polymer as a result of cryochemical synthesis. 

Fig. 3. (A) Ring and (B) chain structures for gold(I) thiolate drugs such as aurothiomalate ( Myocrisin )- Wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements have revealed Au-Au contacts of 3.35, 5.8, and 8.1 A, and analysis of the fine structure on the Au Lin X-ray absorption edge gives an average Au-S distance of 2,3 A with a coordination number of two (sulfurs) (54, 52). (C) White blood cells (PMNs) can covert aurothiomalate into [Au(CN)2], an inhibitor of O2 production (the oxidative burst) (62). This could provide a route to Au(III) dicyano complexes.

The dispersion structure of the blends both in the melt and in the solid state was imaged partly by light microscopy (LM), and partly by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), Infrared (IR) measurements, and torsional pendulum analysis at IHz were performed too. 

Wide-angle X-ray scattering techniques can provide direct information on key features such as crystallinity, preferred orientation, phase identification and compositional analysis.. zfs jjoj-g detailed analysis can yield details of local chain conformations and packing arrangements in both crystalline and disordered polymers. ... 

DSC differential scanning calorimetry, DMA dynamic mechanical analysis, H IXS wide-angle X-ray scattering, PBT poly(butylene terephthalate)... 

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