WHO guidelines

Table III. Air Quality Cities with Reference to WHO Guidelines...

Figure 6 shows a cumulative probability plot of both the maximum dally and hourly NO2 averages In cities for the 1980-84 time period. The plotted values can be directly compared to the WHO guideline values of 150/tg/m3 for the maximum 24-hour level and 400/tg/m3 for the maximum 1-hour level. In both cases, about 25% of the cities worldwide exceed the guideline values. Based on these proportions of cites with NO2 concentrations above the short-term guideline values. It Is estimated that approximately 15-20 percent of urban residents In North America and Europe are at Increased risk to short-term high NO2 exposures. 

Figure 7 provides a cumulative frequency distribution of the maximum 8-hour standard In 15 cities In 1980-84. Shown on the graph Is the 10 mg/m3 WHO guideline value. It can be seen that the average maximum 8-hour level Is exceeded In about 50% of the cities. 

Table V. Cities Reporting Site-Year Averages In Excess of WHO Guideline Values, In Percent...

Less Information Is available for the other three pollutants shown In the tables. In Industrial countries In North America and Europe air quality monitoring Indicates that NOj levels may Increase risk to 15-20 percent of the residents. Exceedances of the shortterm guideline for CO appear relatively common In the reporting cities. Such exposures are likely to occur In locations with high traffic densities. With regard to Pb levels, approximately 20% of the cities have annual average lead concentration levels which exceed the WHO guideline. 

WHO (2004) Dialkyltins in drinking water. Background document for the development of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO/SDEA/VSH/ 03.04/109 http //vwvw.vvho.int/water sanitation health/dwq/ chemicals/dialkyltins.pdf). 

WHO Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice for trials on pharmaceutical products. 

WHO Guideline value for drinking water is not detectable by consumers No WHO 1984... 

WHO Guideline on nonclinical evaluation of vaccines, http //www.who.int/biologicals/ publications/nonclinical evaluation vaccines nov 2003.pdf, 2003. 

Aluminum is a metal which exists abundantly and widely in the earth and is commonly used in food packaging, antiperspirants, antiacid in digestion remedies, cosmetics and in beverages industries [2]. Aluminum sulfate is the most common aluminum-based coagulant used in purify water in many countries and it is found in most drinking water. WHO guidelines set its permissible level in drinking water at 200 ppb [3]. Upper levels can lead to serious problems such as Alzeheimer s disease. So, optimized preconcentration methods are required for the determination of trace amounts aluminum. 

FIGURE 3.S WHO air quality guidelines for Europe and WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. 

Two other documents are relevant to clinical trials the World Health Organisation (WHO) Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice for trials on pharmaceutical products, still used for clinical trials in some parts of the world, and the new EU Clinical Trial Directive. ... 

WHO. Guidelines for good clinical practice (GCP) for trials on pharmaceutical products. Geneva World Health Organization 1995 [cited 2008 Jan 13]. (WHO Technical report series no. 850, annex 3). Available from URL http //www.who.int/ medicines/library/par/ggcp/ GGCP.shtml... 

In addition, ART initiation is recommended in pregnant women with WHO stage III with a CD4 count below 350 cells mm as well individuals with severe bacterial infections in this CD4 count range. One should consider starting ART in individuals with a CD4 count between 200 and 350 cells mm who are asymptomatic. It is not generally recommended to start ART in asymptomatic individuals with counts above 350 cells mm . This information is summarized in Table 5 adopted from the most recent WHO guidelines on ART in RLS. 

MI1 World Health Organisation (WHO), Rolling Revision of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 1,4-Dioxane... 

From Mage et al. (1996) and personal communication xxx means the WHO guidelines for that pollutant were exceeded by more than a factor of two, xx means they were exceeded by up to a factor of two, x means WHO guidelines are normally met, and blank means there are not sufficient data. 

Anon. WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization, 2003. 

TABLE 1 WHO Guideline Values for Chemicals in Drinking Water and EPA National Drinking Water Standards [2,3] ... 

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