Where It All Comes From

The biblical Old Testament period overlaps with the Copper, Bronze, and Iron Ages, so it is natural that these metals are mentioned frequently in the Bible and in other ancient manuscripts. For example, iron is mentioned about 100 times in the Old Testament, copper 8 times, and bronze more than 150 times. Other metals that were easily obtained (tin and lead) are also described numerous times. In fact, production of metals has been a significant factor in technology and chemistry for many centuries. Processes that are crude by modem standards were used many centuries ago to produce the desired metals and other materials, but the source of raw materials was the same then as it is now. In this chapter, we will present an overview of inorganic chemistry to show its importance in history and to relate it to modern industry. 

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Chapter 1, Where It All Comes From, gives a unique introduction to inorganic chemistry in nature. Throughout the book, reference is made to how inorganic substances are produced from the basic raw materials. 

There are nine households of chemically ill people in this area, so far. Some of the people have had horrible losses, and it s hard not to take that out on each other sometimes. At least we know where it s coming from. Some of the people don t like each other, but we re stuck with each other, just like if we had gone on some really long wagon train journey and got trapped together in this remote place. Even if we get absolutely sick to death of each other, we look out for each other. We have to. Bruce and I talk every day, and the neighbors all touch base often to try to keep each others morale up, or we would get too lonely and too homesick. 

Compounds of carbon and hydrogen, together with oxygen and nitrogen, make up almost 100 % of the compounds in the cells of our bodies. Without carbon we would not exist. Where does it all come from It is recycled to us via foods. Green plants obtain their carbon from the carbon dioxide in the air. 

Buyukpamukcu, E., Understanding cocoa flavor where does it all come from , Chem. Rev., 11, 4, p. 8, 2002. 

Except it s where you ve come from, he says, taking me aback. It seems such an un-Mark thing to say. You all have. ... 

No, not at all. But it s not what I do. I do books. I don t know where my sigh comes from. I want to do people, but it s so difficult. You re trying to write something whole, where things make sense, where they re certain, and you can t. Not with people like that. There s too much you can t know. It s all if and perhaps and maybe he thought and maybe she remembered, and the last two are pretty dubious, in scholarly terms. At least balance sheets and watermarks actually exist. ... 

So far, we have shown where the signal comes from, but how do we measure it There are two main technologies continuous wave (CW) and pulsed Fourier transform (FT). CW is the technology used in older systems and is becoming hard to find these days. (We only include it for the sake of historical context and because it is perhaps the easier technology to explain). FT systems offer many advantages over CW and they are used for all high field instruments. 

Ivory skin, ivory teeth, Ivory Soap, Ivory Snow—we hear ivory used all the time to describe something fair, white, and pure. But where does ivory come from, and what exactly is it Is it natural or man-... 

It should be noted that the intrinsic or compositional heterogeneity is a function of the powder system and is a fundamental unalterable characteristic of the material. Thus, the intrinsic heterogeneity is the minimal variance a system can have. The difference between the true state of the system and what is actually measured is called the fundamental error. When all the other sources of error are added to the intrinsic heterogeneity, this gives us the fundamental error and it is our goal to minimize these other sources of error. Thus, knowing where the error comes from can help to minimize these errors. 

All normal compounds of carbon have eight electrons in the outer shell (n = 2) of the carbon atom, all shared in bonds. It doesn t matter where these electrons come from just fit them into the right MOs on sp, sp2, or sp3 atoms. 

Fahrenheit does not go as far as Boerhaave in stating that God may reside in the fire, but he is not at all sure where the fire comes from or how it acts in nature. 

Now consider the region bounded by the dashed line shown in Figure 7.3.5. We claim that it s a trapping region. To verify this, we have to show that all the vectors on the boundary point into the box. On the horizontal and vertical sides, there s no problem the claim follows from Figure 7.3.4. The tricky part of the construction is the diagonal line of slope —1 extending from the point b, b/a to the nullcline y = x/(a + x ). Where did this come from ... 

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