Wheat genetic control

Gupta, R.B., Shepherd, K.W. (1990). Two step one dimensional SDS-PAGE analysis of LGM subunits of gjutenin. 1- Variation and genetic control of the subunits in hexaploid wheats. Theor. Appl. Genet., 80, 65-74. 

In a relatively young allopolyploid like vulgare wheat the genetic control of mechanisms essential to life is duplicated in an autopolyploid manner, e.g., chlorophyll mutation frequencies will be low in Xg (Mac Key, 1967 Swaminathan et aL, 1962). In contrast, peripheral morphological characteristics are inherited in a diploid fashion. In the much older tetraploid emmer wheats, evolution has had time to provoke a diploidization, and chlorophyll mutations again become as common as they are in diploids (Mac Key, 1967). 

Singh, N. K., and K. W. Shepherd. 1985. The structure and genetic control of a new class of disulfide linked proteins in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 7 79-92. 

The fatty acid composition of SEs is shown in Table II. No generalizations can be made from these data any one of 16 0,18 1,18 2, or 18 3 can be the principal fatty acid. In the case of the wheat varieties Aragon 03 and Mara, the fatty acid composition of SEs of the endosperm is under genetic control and is markedly different, but it can be seen that the SE fatty acid composition in the embryo is the same in the two varieties (Torres et al., 1976). We do not know whether the enzyme synthesizing the SE shows fatty acid specificity or whether the differences reflect the availability of specific acyl donors. 

J.V. Torres and F. Garola-Olmedo, Genetic control of sterol esterification in developing wheat endosperm. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 409 367 (1975)... 

The experience of hybrid corn has set a precedent and suggests a strategy for private sector control of the seed business. Some crops are dominated by hybrids while others are not. Hanway (35) estimates that 85 percent of the corn varieties used by farmers in 1977 were privately developed, but only 3 percent of the peanut varieties were. About 89 percent of soybean varieties were publicly developed. Only 5 percent of the corn seed market is supplied by farmers for home use or from local sale but more than 60 percent of soybean, wheat, and oats are from these independent sources (33). Other untoward effects of this shift relate to over-dependence on a few varieties that may increase the vulnerability of the nation s com crop to dlsesase through overly focused genetic backgrounds. 

In the works of A. Konarev (Konarev et al. 1999 Konarev et al., 2004) shows in detail the variability of inhibitors of trypsin-like proteinases in cereals due to resistance to various grain pests. So in wheat trypsin inhibitors are represented by several genetically independent systems of proteins controlled by the genome and B chromosomes ID (endosperm), 3Dp (aleurone layer), IDS and 3Ap (leaf). Trypsin inhibitors of rye are controlled chromosome 3R and barley 3H. The most complex structure of inhibitors was wheat leaves, with the genomic formula AABBDD. In general, it is the sum of the spectra of trypsin inhibitors from several tetraploid (T. turgidum) (AABB) and (Aegilops tauschii Coss.) (DD) (Konarev, 1986 Konarev et al., 2004). 

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