Welsbach mantles

Austrian chemist Carl Auer (Ereiherr von Welsbach) invents the Welsbach mantle, tripling the output of kerosene lamps and... 

Named after Thor, the Scandinavian god of war, thorium was discovered by Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848) in 1828 in a mineral sample from Norway. Although thorium does not occur in elemental form, thorium ores are thought to be about as abundant as lead in the Earth s crust. Thorium has limited uses as a commercial product, primarily in specialty electronics and Welsbach mantles (portable gas lights). Because thorium is radioactive and more plentiful than uranium, it may be used as a power source in the future. The internal heating of the Earth may be a result of the action of thorium. 

In addition to its potential use in nuclear power systems, thorium has had minor industrial use in Welsbach mantles for incandescent gas lamps, in magnesium alloys to increase strength and creep resistance at high temperatures, and in refractories. 

Welsbach mantle Bright spot 6.2 Clear 400 watt 970... 

Other sources are incandescent electric lamps (tungsten), the Welsbach mantle, hot glass, and the quartz-jacketed high-pressure mercury arc. The tungsten ribbon filament lamp makes a good secondary standard (compared to a primary blackbody) in the near... 

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