Well pressure control surface equipment

Surface Equipment 1101. When and How to Close the Well 1101. Gas-Cut Mud 1103. The Closed Well 1105. Kick Control Procedures 1106. Maximum Casing/Borehole Pressure 1111. 

A sniallcr-diaiiieter pipe, called tubing, is then threaded together and inserted into the casing. If it is expected that oil or gas will flow to the surface via the pressure differential between the well bore and the formation, a wellhead is installed it is equipped with valves to control the flow of oil or gas from the well. The wellhead is known as a Christmas tree. If there is not sufficient pressure differential to cause the oil and the gas to flow naturally, pumping equipment is installed at the lower end of the tubing. 

At the surface, the ignition wells for use with downhole electric heaters must have a high-pressure lubricator, stuffing box, flttings, also necessary measurement and control instruments (Fig. 62). The equipment includes a special electric cable of correct length, AC current source, and an air supply system. Special care must be taken to protect the stuffing box seal from electric current. 

---