Water Treatment Operator Handbook

Pizzi, Nicholas G., Water Treatment Operator Handbook, American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, 2005. 

Cheremisinoff, N. P. 2001. Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies. Boston, MA Butterworth-Heinemann. A handbook aimed at process and plant engineers, water treatment operators, and environmental consultants, this reference contains practical information for the treatment of drinking water and wastewater. 

Applications RO is primarily used for water purification seawater desalination (35,000 to 50,000 mg/L salt, 5.6 to 10.5 MPa operation), brackish water treatment (5000 to 10,000 mg/L, 1.4 to 4.2 MPa operation), and low-pressure RO (LPRO) (500 mg/L, 0.3 to 1.4 MPa operation). A list of U.S. plants can be found at www2.hawaii.edu, and a 26 Ggal/yr desalination plant is under construction in Ashkelon, Israel. Purified water product is recovered as permeate while the concentrated retentate is discarded as waste. Drinking water specifications of total dissolved solids (TDS) < 500 mg/L are published by the U.S. EPA and of < 1500 mg/L by the WHO [Williams et ak, chap. 24 in Membrane Handbook, Ho and Sirkar (eds.). Van Nostrand, New York, 1992]. Application of RO to drinking water is summarized in Eisenberg and Middlebrooks (Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Drinking Water, Butterworth, Boston, 1986). 

Alley, E. R. 2007. Water Quality Control Handbook, 2nd ed. New York McGraw-Hill. The second edition of this handbook includes expanded coverage of treatment systems for specific pollutants, the latest water quality regulations, and new content on wastewater treatment operations, membrane treatment processes, and cost-saving treatment design methods. 

Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators Oecupational Outlook Handbook URL http //stats.bls.gov/oeo/oeos229.htm. 

Spellman, F.R. (2003) Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, p. 661. 

---