Water sulphatic

Rees CE, Jenkins WJ, Monster J (1978) The sulphur isotopic composition of ocean water sulphate. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42 377-381... 

Purging Saline Waters.—Sulphates of soda or magnesia are the active ingredients of these waters some owe their efficacy to sulphate of magnesia, others to sulphate of soda. 

By washing the precipitate by decantation with hot water, sulphate ions can be removed and the precipitate will dissolve in dilute nitric acid... 

Cool near-surface air down (by backscattering incident solar radiation to space) water, sulphate, nitrate, most of organic compounds. 

A possible model of an Archaean mat community is one in which sea water rich in SO " is reduced in a system that is only occasionally open to ambient water inflow. In such a setting, partly open-system fractionation occurs, giving a moderately symmetric isotopic distribution in sulphides (fig. 4E of Ohmoto 1992). The dataset from the Spring Valley and Shavi Members, both in shape and range, is thus here interpreted as probable evidence for a nearly closed-system fractionation in a bacterial mat flushed by sea water that was relatively rich in sulphate, with water sulphate possibly around 3 5%o. However, Archaean seawater 5 S remains unknown. The ratio is thought to have been not far from 0%o, but this inference is lightly based on a few sulphate deposits that may not be primary the ratio could have been as heavy as 10-15%o (Kakegawa et al. 1998). 

On a wooden frame stretch tightly a piece of unbleached muslin make separate solutions of the four following chemicals in warm water, sulphate of iron, nitrate of bismuth, sulphate of copper, prussiate of potash. 

Seidsdiatz Water. Sulphate of m nesia, 3 drachms muriate of lime, nitrate of ume, bicarbonate of soda, of each 8 grains flulchate of potash, 5 grains aerated water, 1 pint. 

Vichy Water, Sulphate of po-2 drachma sulphate of soda, 4 scruples ... 

Respiratory sulphate reduction ideally takes place when all other electron acceptors are exhausted, but significant overlap may occur between the zones of microbial Fe(III) reduction and sulphate reduction due to kinetic constraints, as discussed before. Sulphate concentrations typically decrease to zero within the upper sediment layer (Fig. 1). In freshwater sediments, reduced S formed mainly by reduction of pore-water sulphate, is predominantly present as inorganic S in the form of AVS. Although pyrite is the most stable sulphide mineral, its formation in permanently submerged freshwater sediments is subject to controversy (Rickard et al., 1995). Because, contrary to marine sediments (S-dominated), there is an excess of Fe liberation over HS production in freshwater sediments (Fe-dominated), FeC03 as well as FeS may control pore-water Fe concentrations in the anoxic sediment layer. 

Figure 5. Depth profiles of SEM (solid dots), AVS (open diamonds) and dissolved pore-water sulphate (open dots) during winter (1) and summer (2).

Air-(water, sulphate, glycerol, and iso-butyl alcohol solutions) <7r = 0.10 m... 

Distinct variation of isotope ratios of sulphur, oxygen and strontium in the sea water sulphates in time enables their use to determine ... 

Considered as a whole, the biosphere is nourished essentially by COj, nitrogen, water, sulphates, nitrates and phosphates. The greater part of the energy entering it is of solar origin. 

In water, sulphates are associated with calcium, magnesium and sodium. Being bulkier and less mobile than chlorides, they penetrate less easily into the oxide film [13]. Their action on the corrosion resistance of aluminium in water is weaker than that of chlorides (Figure D.1.7). While they have no influence on the pitting density, they are said to have a tendency to lead to a significant increase in pitting depth and to inhibit the formation of boehmite layers [14]. As in the case of chlorides, the action of sulphates does not depend on the nature of the associated alkali or earth alkali anion. 

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