Water plasticizing effect

Roos, Y.H., Roininen, K., Jouppila, K., and Tuorila, H. Glass transition and water plasticization effects on crispness of a snack food extrudate, Int. J. Food Prop., 1, 163, 1998. 

Biliaderis, C.G., Lazaridou, A., Mavropoulos, A., and Barbayiannis, N. Water plasticization effects on crystallization behavior of lactose in a co-lyophilized amorphous polysaccharide matrix and its relevance to the glass transition, Int. 

Water-Sorption Isotherms and Water-Plasticization Effect in Dried Pear... 

The activation energy of the p-relaxation in dry PMMA, the one due to the prominent water-plasticization effect, and finally that due to the rotation of the a-methyl group discussed above can be determined from the information in Fig. 5.10 and are... 

Because of water s plasticizing effect, the water content of nylon fibers and fabrics must be known and controlled when measuring physical properties. Prior to the measurement, samples are conditioned at a specified temperature and rh for at least 24 h. 

Surface Applied Surfactants. Antistat agents can be appHed direcdy to the surface of a plastic part. Usually the antistat is diluted in water or in a solvent. The antistat solution is appHed by spraying, dipping, or wiping on the surface. The water or solvent dries leaving a thin film that attracts moisture. Since it is appHed to the surface, migration through the resin is not a factor. In practice, the quaternary ammonium compounds find the most use. They are soluble in water and effective at low concentrations. 

Lai, M.C., Hageman, M.J., Schowen, R.L., Borchardt, R.T., Laiard, B.B., and Topp, E.M. 1999b. Chemical stability of peptides in polymers. 2. Discriminating between solvent and plasticizing effects of water on peptide demidation in poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). J. Pharm. Sci. 88, 1081-1089. 

Polyamide-imides are handicapped by the cost (justified by the performances), a high density, the small numbers of grades and sources. PAI can slowly absorb some water in a wet environment, which has a plasticizing effect and can lead to a significant linear expansion. 

In a subsequent communication, Elliott and coworkers found that uniaxially oriented membranes swollen with ethanol/water mixtures could relax back to an almost isotropic state. In contrast, morphological relaxation was not observed for membranes swollen in water alone. While this relaxation behavior was attributed to the plasticization effect of ethanol on the fluorocarbon matrix of Nafion, no evidence of interaction between ethanol and the fluorocarbon backbone is presented. In light of the previous thermal relaxation studies of Moore and co-workers, an alternative explanation for this solvent induced relaxation may be that ethanol is more effective than water in weakening the electrostatic interactions and mobilizing the side chain elements. Clearly, a more detailed analysis of this phenomenon involving a dynamic mechanical and/ or spectroscopic analysis is needed to gain a detailed molecular level understanding of this relaxation process. 

High water reduction and plasticizing effects for concretes where low water-cement ratios and minimum cement contents are specified. 

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