Water diffusivity, thermal

Disperse Dyes. These are substantially water-insoluble nonionic dyes for application to hydrophobic fibers from aqueous dispersion. They are used predominantly on polyester and to a lesser extent on nylon, cellulose, cellulose acetate, and acrylic fibers. Thermal transfer printing and dye diffusion thermal transfer (D2T2) processes for electronic photography represent niche markets for selected members of this class (see Chapter 6). 

The physical processes involved in self-purication include stirring and dilution of wastewaters by river water, diffusion of gases, sedimentation, processes induced by solar radiation, thermal stratification, etc. 

Transport of water under thermal gradient is expressed with the thermal vapour flow diffusivity in THAMES. The parameter for thermal vapour... 

It is well known that water moves as both liquid and vapor in unsaturated porous medium under thermal gradient. The aqueous species is transferred only through liquid phase, so we have to distinguish liquid flux from water flux. Here we divide water flux q into liquid flux qi and vapor flux q,. using the isothermal water diffusivity Da and thermal water diffusivity Dr as follows. 

Strokes CL, Buxbaum RE. Analysis of palladium coatings to remove hydrogen isotopes firom zirconium fuel rods in Canada deuterium uranium-pressurized heavy water reactors thermal and neutron diffusion effeds. Nud Technol. 1992 98 207. 

Stretching motion (amide I mode) was found to occur on a 1 picosecond or subpicosecond timescale [24-28], whereas vibrational relaxation of photolyzed carbon monoxide in the heme pocket can last from tens to hundreds of picoseconds in different Mb mutants [7,29,30], Starting from a basis of harmonic normal modes and including the contribution of cubic anharmonicity in the potential energy, providing nonlinear coupling, Leitner and coworkers estimated the thermal diffusivity of Mb at 300K to be 14 ps", approximately the value for water. The thermal conductivity... 

Liron, Z., Wright, R.L., and McDougal, J.N. (1994b). Water diffusivity in porcine stratum corneum measured by a thermal gravimetric analysis technique, J. Pharm. Sci, 83 457-462. 

The test methods mostly follow British Standards, but some are more closely related to the ISO tests. Care must be taken to ensure that the correct sample size is u.sed. The determination of water absorption by diffusion is based on the Swiss Standard SIA 279 Part 5.07 [13] (see Section 2.6 below). Similarly the properties of extruded board are specified in BS 3837, Part 2, 1990 [14]. BS 3927, 1986 [15], specifies rigid phenolic foam for thermal insulation in the form of slabs and profiled sections. The material is classified as types A. B. and C. which differ principally in thermal conductivity, water vapor permeability and apparent water absorption. Thermal conductivity is measured by methods described in BS 4370, Part 2, Method 7 [16] or Appendix B of BS 874 [17]. ... 

In addition, protein motion reduces the retardation of the water dynamics, because the dimension of the water translational space is increased and at the same time the decay of the orientational correlation is accelerated. In spite of this accelerated dynamics, hydration water diffusion remains anomalous for a thermalized protein. 

Thermal processing of starch-based polymers involves multiple chemical and physical reactions, e.g. water diffusion, granule expansion, gelatinization, decomposition, melting and crystallization [8]. Among the various phase... 

To our best knowledge, water diffusion properties of blood vessels have been studied extensively, but their electrical and thermal properties are still unknown. 

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