Water Bridge Formation Induced by an Electric Field

The formation of a stable water bridge requires a decrease in the energy of the condensed state with respect to the noncondensed state f/o, that is, the sign of Eq. 13.7 for a given electric field, relative humidity, and temperature has to be negative. 

t/e and Uc are the larger contributions however, Ug and Uvdw have a pivotal role to determine the surface profile of the water in the condensed configuration. 

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