Waste water auxiliary effluents

Effluents, released from textile companies, may contain dyes and auxiliaries used in the textile industry. The dyes themselves often form complex mixtures that contain considerable quantities of manufacturing precursors and by-products. However, for non-target analysis not only the large variety of compounds but also the large differences in the volatility, solubility and polarity of individual components pose problems. Most of the dyes are nonvolatile or thermally unstable. Thus, in recent years predominantly LC-MS techniques have been used for the analysis of dyes [10]. However, the combined use of LC-NMR and LC-MS offers extended possibilities which are illustrated by the analysis of an untreated waste water sample from a textile company [11],... 

If reaction conditions are such that the amine has to be distilled off for recovery, then again the properties of Hiinig s Base make it a desirable auxiliary reagent to use. It forms an azeotrope, boiling at 89°C, with composition 74.4% Ar,AT-diisopropylethylamine and 25.6% water. This azeotropic mixture normally settles out into two layers the upper consisting of 99.8% diisopropylethylamine containing 0.2% water and the lower consisting of 99.6% water with 0.4% content diisopropylethylamine. The waste water can be run to effluent where the BOD requirement of N,N-diisopropylethylamine itself is 0.046 x 10 ppm with a COD requirement of 0.54 X 10 ppm. 

In addition to the dyebath, several auxiliary baths are used in batch textile processing to clean dyed goods and/or to fix the dye to the fiber. Considerable energy, water and chemicals are also wasted when these auxiliary baths are drained to the sewer. Plant pollution problems are also worsened by the additional effluent. Virtually all of the chemicals used in the auxiliary baths (sodium hydrosulfite and hydroxide, surfactants, etc.) are colorless, and thus do not lend themselves to simple... 

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