Waste elemental distribution

With this work we have applied a combination of synchrotron-based p-XRD, p-XRF, and p-XANES analyses to determine the mineralogy and the elemental distribution of metals in partially altered sulfide-mineralization fragments deposited within an open-air waste-rock dump (Libiola mine, eastern Liguria, Italy). 

Figure 1. Elemental distribution of fission waste nuclides on a sodium titanate column. The distribution shown on the left was determined from qualitative analyses of the numbered column segments. The Cs and Na distributions on the right were obtained by quantitative analyses of each numbered segment. (O), Cs ( ), Na.

Amaeasiriwaedena D., Siripinya-nond a. and Barnes R. M. (2001) Trace elemental distribution in soil and compost-derived humic add molecular fractions and colloidal organic matter in munidpal waste-water by flow field-flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (flow FFF-ICP-MS),/. Anal. At. Spectrom. 16 978-986. 

In materials analysis, laser ablation has been applied to almost all fields of modem materials. For glasses, high-purity optical materials (e.g. CaF2), ceramics, semi- and superconductors, polymers, high-purity metals and alloys, the heterogeneity of the material, trace element concentrations and elemental distributions have been measured. In addition, this method has been used for the investigation of trace element composition of concrete, radioactive waste and radioactive materials, the characterization of steel inclusions and the determination of the composition and thickness of layered systems. 

Han F.X., Binding, distribution and transformations of polluting trace elements in soils of arid and semi-arid regions receiving waste inputs. Ph.D. Dissertation, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 1998. 

Phossy water, a waste product in the production of elemental phosphorus by the electric furnace process, contains from 1000 to 5000 mg/L suspended solids that include 400-2500 mg/L of elemental phosphorus, distributed as liquid colloidal particles. These particles are usually positively charged, although this varies depending on the operation of the electrostatic precipitators. Furthermore, the chemical equilibrium between the fluoride and flurosilicate ions introduces an important source of variation in suspended solids that is a pH function. Commonly... 

Simpson HJ, Trier RM, Li YH, et al. 1984. Field experiment determinations of distribution coefficients of actinide elements in alkaline lake environments. NucI Waste Geochem, 326-342. 

Distribution ratios and transport were carried out on real HAW arising from dissolution of a mixed oxide of uranium and plutonium (MOX) fuel (burnup 34,650 MW d/tU), where uranium and plutonium have been previously extracted by TBP.86 The experiments were performed in the CARMEN hot cell of CEA Fontenay aux Roses with two dialkoxy-calix[4]arene-crown-6 derivatives (diisopropoxy and dini-trophenyl-octyloxy). High cesium distribution ratios were obtained (higher than 50) by contacting the HAW solution with diisopropoxy calix[4]arene-crown-6 (0.1 M in NPHE). Moreover, the high selectivity observed with the simulated waste was confirmed for most of the elements and radionuclides (actinides or fission products Eu, Sb, Ce, Mo, Zr, and Nd). The residual concentration or activity of elements, other than cesium, was less than 1% in the stripping solution, except for iron (2%) and ruthenium (8%) the extraction of these two cations, probably under a complexed... 

Transfer of solute with and relative to the moving water and competitive adsorption of solutes are central to amelioration of saline and alkali soils, agricultural chemical location in soils and management of wastes in soils. This paper illustrates how space-like coordinates based on the distribution of the solid and the water help analyse these problems. We focus on the macroscopic or Darcy scale of discourse [6], which permits unambiguous measurement of the key elements of the flow equations, and we restrict ourselves to 1-dimensional flow, because that seems to limit analysable experiments. 

Plots of metal concentrations against Pb isotope ratios were extremely useful. For example, Cr values were found to be distributed along two clearly different clusters. One cluster represents the soils of Bagnoli, while the other corresponds to the waste (scum, slag, landfill) material. For decreasing Cr concentrations, the data seem to converge toward soil values. Similar trends are detected for other elements (Fig. 15.9). 

The CTH actinide separation process was developed as a possible means to reduce the expected long term dose to man from a geologic repository containing solidified radioactive waste from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel The distribution data for the elements present in significant amounts in the high level liquid waste (HLLW) from a Purex plant, the general principles and the flowsheet have been described in detail elsewhere A... 

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