Waste activated sludge reactor

Two phases exist in the activated sludge reactor the liquid phase consists of water, soluble ions and soluble substrate while the solid phase (biomass or sludge) has setdeable waste materials, dead and alive MOs in it. Metals associated with these phases were investigated in this study. The material balance for the metals at the steady state is defined as follows ... 

A bubble reactor is also used for aerobic reactors for the treatment of waste water. The configuration may be a basin, pond or lagoon. See Sections 6.31 and 6.32 for activated sludge reactors. 

Petruccioli M, Duarte JC, Eusebio A, Federici F. (2002) Aerobic treatment of winery waste-water using a jet loop activated sludge reactor. Process Biochem., 37(8) 821-829. 

Jeong, T.-Y., Cha, G.-C., Yoo, I.-K., Kim, D.-J. (2007). Hydrogen production from waste activated sludge by using separation membrane acid fermentation reactor and photosynthetic reactor. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32, 525—530. 

Dagnew, M., Pickel, J., Parker, W., Seto, P. (2013). Anaerobic membrane bio-reactors for waste activated sludge digestion tubular versus hollow fiber membrane configurations. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 32, 598—604. 

For waste treatment rather than fermentation for product formation, again few examples of process economics exist in the literature. Those that do, favor fluidization. Badot et al. (1994) described an industrial prototype fluidized bed reactor that competed favorably on an economical basis with activated sludge processes for treating carbon pollution and was estimated to be economically comparable to fixed bed processes for denitrification. Schneeberg (1994) described the successful and economically-sound implementation of fluidization as an upgrade to an existing wastewater treatment plant. The restricted space available for extension of the wastewater plant made fluidization particularly advantageous in this case. 

METEX [Metal extraction] A process for extracting heavy metals from industrial waste waters by adsorption on activated sludge under anaerobic conditions. It is operated in an up-flow, cylindrical reactor with a conical separation zone at the top. Developed by Linde, originally for removing dissolved copper from winemaking wastes. First commercialized in 1987. 

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