Wasps parasitoid behavior

Chemical cues from spiders are also used by non-arachnid predators to locate their prey. For example, the ichneumonid wasp Gelisfestinans parasitizes the spider Erigone atra, which lives in wheat fields. Contact with the silk of its host elicits increased searching behavior from the parasitoid, whereas contact with silk from other spider species does not, indicating a high degree of specificity (Baarlen et al.,... 

Elevated O3 reduces the concentration and shortens lifetime of herbivore-induced volatile terpenes in the atmosphere. This effect has influenced the behavior parasitoid wasps on genetically engineered oilseed rape plants for Bt toxin overexpression. Under elevated O3, moth-damaged non-Bt plants attracted 75% of the parasitoids, but only 36.8% of parasitoids orientated to moth-damaged Bt plants compared with controls [32]. 

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