Walden

From equation A2.4.38 we can, finally, deduce Walden s rule, which states that the product of the ionic mobility at infinite dilution and the viscosity of the pure solvent is a constant. In fact... 

Von Baeyer (Nobel Prize, 1905) should be credited for having recognized in 1902 the saltlike character of the compounds formed. He then suggested a correlation between the appearance of color and salt formation—the so-called halochromy. Gomberg (who had just shortly before discovered the related stable triphenylmethyl radical), as well as Walden, contributed to the evolving understanding of the structure of related cationic dyes such as malachite green. 

Walden reductor a reduction column using granular Ag as a reducing agent, (p. 341)... 

Foam can also be broken with a rotating perforated basket [Lem-lich, Principles of Foam Fractionation, in Periy (ed.), Progre.ss in Separation and Purification, vol. 1, Interscience, New York, 1968, chap. 1]. If the foamate is aqueous (as it usually is), the operation can be improved by discharging onto Teflon instead of glass [Haas and Johnson, Am. In.st. Chem. Fng. J., II, 319 (1965)]. A turbine can be used to break foam [Ng, Mueller, and Walden, Can. J. Chem. Fng., 55, 439 (1977)]. Foam which is not overly stable has been broken by running foamate onto it [Brunner and Stephan, Ind. Fng. Chem., 57(5), 40 (1965)]. Foam can also be broken by sound or ultrasound, a rotating disk, and other means [Ohkawa, Sakagama, Sakai, Futai, and Takahara,y. Ferment. Technol, 56,428, 532 (1978)]. 

Walker J Chem Soc 67 916 1895 Walden Chem Ber 28 1293 1985 see also Gless Synth Commun 16 633 1986. ... 

Walden inversion (Section 8.4) Originally, a reaction sequence developed by Paul Walden whereby a chiral starting material was transformed to its enantiomer by a series of stereospecihc reactions. Current usage is more general and refers to the inversion of conhguration that attends any bi-molecular nucleophilic substitution. 

Wald-, wood, forest, wild, -ahom, m. sycamore, -bau, n. silviculture, forestry, -baum, m. forest tree, -boden, m. forest soil. Walden sche Umkehmng. Walden inversion. Wald-gewachs, n. forest plant, -humus m. 

Ionic liquid System Cation Anion(s) Temperature, (X Conduc- tivity (k), mS cm Conduc- tivity method Viscosity (n), cP Viscosity method Density (p), gcm Density method Molar conductivity fAJ, cm iT mor Walden product (An) Ref. 

The conductivity and viscosity of an ionic liquid is often combined into what is termed Walden s rule [Equation (3.6-4)] [54],... 

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