Vs. composition

Fig. 7.83 The graphical method for obtaining equilibrium compositions from free energy vs. composition curves at a given temperature. Points of contact give equilibrium compositions Xi for phase I and X2 for phase II...

Figure 7. Potential vs. composition in the Li-Sn system at 25 °C compared with data at 400 °C [41].

Figure 15. Potential vs. composition for the Li-Sn and Li Cd systems at ambient temperature 1481.

AOS at this proportion the micelle promotion tendency of AOS in the mixture is clearly optimal. At this composition, the authors have also observed a minimum in the surface tension vs. composition plot, and maximum performance benefits in detergency tests (see below). 

First, it was necessary to determine the position of the maxima on the plots of TBSM — MA copolymerization rate vs. composition of the monomer mixture at various total monomer concentrations. The observed shift of the maxima of the rate as a function of the dilution of the monomer mixture toward higher MA concentrations is a consequence of a complex mechanism, i. e. both free and com-... 

Figure 1. Voltage vs. composition curves during the graphite electrode lithiation and delithiation at C/l00 rate.

Ammonia Volatility down to PPM Levels pH vs. Composition and Effect of Electrolytes on Ammonia Volatility... 

It should be remembered that the CALPHAD approach is based on the hypothesis that, for all the phases and structures existing across the complete alloy system, entire Gibbs energy vs. composition curves may be constructed even by extrapolation into regions where they are unstable or metastable. A particular case concerns the pure component elements for which the relative Gibbs energy for the different crystal structures (the so-called lattice stabilities) must also be established and defined as a function of temperature (and pressure). 

Figure 3.2. Li-Pb system trend of the mixing enthalpy, AH, of the liquid alloys (after Predel and Oehme 1979) and dAmixH/dx vs. composition.

In a binary A-B system, from the graph of the integral quantity vs. composition, the partial values may be obtained, for each composition z, from the intercepts on the A and B axes of the tangent, at the composition z, to the integral curve. The construction is very simple in the special case that, in a certain range of compositions, the curve of the integral quantity is close to a straight line. 

Figure 5.11. Connected binary phase diagrams of the actinides. The binary phase diagrams (temperature vs. composition) for adjacent actinide metals are connected across the entire series (two-phase regions are in black, uncertain regions in grey). The transition from typical metallic behaviour at thorium to complex behaviour at plutonium and back to typical metallic behaviour past americium can be noticed (adapted from Hecker 2000).

Equations 5.15 and 5.16 give only approximate values for the volumes of olivine compounds. More accurate study of binary mixtures outlines important deviations from ideal behavior, which result in slight curves in cell parameter vs. composition plots, as shown in figure 5.7. The greatest deviations regard cell edges and are particularly evident for the (Mg,Ni)2Si04 mixture. 

Fig.4.13 Adiabatic flame temperature vs. composition of aluminized AP-HTPB composite propellants.

Fig. 4.14 Specific impuise vs. composition of aiuminized AP-HTPB composite propeilants.

Area within the coexistence curve of an isobaric phase diagram (temperature vs. composition) or an isothermal phase diagram (pressure vs. composition). 

Note Binodal compositions are defined by pairs of points on the curve of Gibbs energy of mixing vs. composition that have common tangents, corresponding to compositions of equal chemical potentials of each of the two components in two phases. 

Curve of temperature vs. composition defined by the cloud points over range of compositions of two substances. 

Figure 3.6. Gibbs energy vs composition diagrams of A-B systems showing the effect of (a) attractive and (b) repulsive interactions.

Figure 3.7, Gibbs energy vs composition diagrams of an A-B system showing relationship between partial and integral Gibbs energies.

However, if the B atom is bound into the solution because of negative interactions (i.e., n — ve) the vapour pressure of B above the alloy is less than if the mixing was ideal. In this circumstance there is a negative deviation from ideality and the plot of activity vs composition is as shown in Fig. 3.9(a). In the case where there are positive interactions (H + ve) there is a positive deviation from ideality as shown in Fig. 3.9(b), and the vapour pressure of B is greater than if mixing is ideal. 

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