Voyager system

Reaction scale-up using the Voyager system in genuine continuous-flow format is achieved by the use of special coiled flow-through cells. The reaction coils are made of glass or Teflon (Fig. 3.24) with a maximum flow rate of 20 mL min-1 and operational limits of 250 °C or 17 bar. The continuous-flow format should only be used for homogeneous solution-phase chemistry, as slurried mixtures may cause prob-... 

Recently published examples of continuous-flow organic microwave synthesis include, for example, 1,3-dipolar cydoaddition chemistry in the CEM CF Voyager system (see Figs. 3.23 and 3.24). The cycloaddition of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxy-late with benzyl azide in toluene was first carefully optimized with respect to solvent, temperature, and time under batch conditions. The best protocol was then translated to a continuous-flow procedure in which a solution 0.33 m in both build-... 

The possibility for automation is offered by the Voyager SF with its stop flow system, able to process larger reaction volumes by sequen-... 

As an example of thin-foil analysis in the SEM, samples of the mineral standard kaolinite (<2 pm fraction, KGa-2, Source Clay Minerals Repository) were dispersed on TEM grids and analyzed using a JEOL JSM 6400 SEM under the control of an automated Noran Voyager EDS system equipped with a thin-window EDS detector.93 For comparison, EDS spectra were also collected using the same instrument for the kaolinite size fractions deposited on polycarbonate filters, fixed to SEM... 

When the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft passed through the Jovian system in the 1970 s a much more intense radiation environment was found than was expected. The particle radiation consisted of energetic ions trapped in... 

The wind systems on Jupiter and Saturn are strongly westward at the equator, with eastward jets at latitudes above and below the equator. Equatorial wind speeds on Jupiter approach 150 ms in the direction of rotation, and are 3-4 times higher still on Saturn. Measurements by the Galileo probe indicate that the winds persist down to the deepest level, 20 bar, measured by the probe. Uranus shows prograde (in the direction of rotation) winds of 150 m s at midlatitudes, which decline in speed toward the equator. Because of the low contrast of the Uranian clouds at the time of the Voyager flyby, optical tracking... 

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