Volumetric burning

For an unconfined spill where fuel continues to flow after ignition, the pool fire will eventually reach a steady-state size. The steady-state pool diameter D will be determined based on a balance between the volumetric flow rate of fuel and the volumetric burning rate of fuel. This may be expressed as ... 

Table 1.1 shows form functions for several types of propellant grains. Substituting Eqs. (1.80), (1.86), and (1.88) into Eq. (1.87), one obtains a simplified expression for the volumetric burning rate change ... 

The moisture content of cmde sulfur is determined by the differential weight of a known sample before and after drying at about 110°C. Acid content is determined by volumetric titration with a standard base. Nonvolatile impurities or ash are determined by burning the sulfur from a known sample and igniting the residue to remove the residual carbon and other volatiles. 

Arsenic trioxide may be made by burning arsenic in air or by the hydrolysis of an arsenic trihaUde. Commercially, it is obtained by roasting arsenopyrite [1303-18-0] FeAsS. It dissolves in water to a slight extent (1.7 g/100 g water at 25°C) to form a weaMy acidic solution which probably contains the species H AsO, orthoarsenous acid [36465-76-6]. The oxide is amphoteric and hence soluble in acids and bases. It is frequendy used as a primary analytical standard in oxidimetry because it is readily attainable in a high state of purity and is quantitatively oxidized by many reagents commonly used in volumetric analysis, eg, dichromate, nitric acid, hypochlorite, and inon(III). 

In any gas burner some mechanism or device (flame holder or pilot) must be provided to stabilize the flame against the flow of the unbumed mixture. This device should fix the position of the flame at the burner port. Although gas burners vary greatly in form and complexity, the distribution mechanisms in most cases are fundamentally the same. By keeping the linear velocity of a small fraction of the mixture flow equal to or less than the burning velocity, a steady flame is formed. From this pilot flame, the main flame spreads to consume the main gas flow at a much higher velocity. The area of the steady flame is related to the volumetric flow rate of the mixture by equation 18 (81,82)... 

The combustion chamber of a modem steam generator is a large water-cooled chamber in which fuel is burned. Firing densities are important to ensure that the chamber wall metal temperatures do not exceed the limits of failure of the tubes. Firing densities are expressed in two ways volumetric combustion intensities and area firing intensities. The volumetric combustion intensity is defined by equation 23,... 

The subject of study in this case is permeability of regular or irregular 2D and 3D lattices that have some distinctive property. It can be, for example, the lattice of sites formed of different phases, A and B, and the problem is reduced to an establishment of interconnectivity of the system through phase A or B (in one of the phases there can be void). In other examples, there can be problems with the introduction of additional phases that regulate heat transfer or electrical conductivity of the catalyst, or additives, which are introduced into the volume of the catalyst, and further are dissolved or burned off to form a system of transport pores. In the latter case, the percolation approach allows estimations of a volumetric part of the additive that is necessary to form... 

Addition of metal powders to propints increases the combustion temp and therefore the specific impulse (ISp). Al continues to be the principal candidate while research in Zr as an additive has continued. Zr containing rocket propints have been of interest in applications which require a high volumetric specific impulse (ft ISp). Research has emphasized means of overcoming the low burning efficiency of... 

For analyses, an 0.5 g sample is weighed into a porcelain boat and inserted into the combustion tube with an oxygen flow of —30 cc/min. With a cold trap in place, the sample is ignited by heating the combustion tube with a meker burner. The coal sample is allowed to burn freely, and then the temperature is raised to the burner maximum for 5 min. The combustion tube is cooled for 5 min and separated from the condenser section. The condenser is removed from the cold trap and allowed to warm to ambient temperature. Add 10 ml of water to the condenser and flush into a 50 ml volumetric flask. Make to volume with water and mix. Take an aliquot of 15 ml or less containing up to 0.3 fxg of selenium and proceed as in the hydride method for arsenic, tin, and bismuth by AAS, as previously described. 

When the pyrites is completely burned, the apparatus is disconnected and any oxides of nitrogen remaining in the bottle are carried away by a stream of air. The contents of the bottle are taken up with 5ml of water if the solution is colored yellow-brown from dissolved nitrogen oxides, they should be removed by a current of air. The solution of sulfuric acid is made up to 100ml in a volumetric flask and the yield is determined by titration of an aliquot with base. 

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