Volume of Glass Fiber

The handbook features the relationships between the GRTP s and their properties—the relationships are displayed both in tabular form and graphically. The influence of composite variables—volume of glass fiber glass strand solids and bundle size glass filament diameter, length, and orientation—on properties are similarly displayed. 

Figure 2-11. Stress vs Volume of Glass Fiber for Nylon and Polypropylene ...

As is known of glass fiber-reinforced plastics, the mechanical and physical properties of composites, next to the fiber properties, and the quality of the fiber matrix interface, as well as the textile form of the reinforcement primarily depend on the volume content of fibers in the composite. 

These stress-strain diagrams may be applied, for example, to the investigation of a rod of which has its total volume is glass fiber and half plastic. If the glass fibers are laid parallel to the axis of the rod, at any cross-section, half the total cross-sectional area is glass and half plastic. If the rod is stretched 0.5%, reference to the stress-strain diagrams... 

All of the silane treatments in this study diminish the physisorptive capacity of glass fiber substrates, as shown by the isotherms (Fig. 2) and the desorption volumes of physically adsorbed water (Table 4, peak 1). This is one reason for their efficacy at promoting wet strength retention and enhancing other composite properties that degrade when moisture adsorbs at the fiber-matrix interface. Chemisorptive properties for probe adsorbates that are imparted to the substrate by silane deposition may also influence fiber-matrix interaction. 

V/ = volume fraction of glass fiber lc = critical fiber length la = actual fiber length d = fiber diameter t = shear strength of matrix resin a = ratio of actual to critical fiber length composite tensile strength a/ = fiber tensile strength... 

Among the manufactured inorganic fibers, glass is produced in by far the largest volume. There has been a rapid increase in the use of textile grades of these fibers, and outside the textile field enormous quantities of glass fibers are used in air filters, in thermal insulation (glass wool), and for the reinforcement of plastics. 

Calculate (a) the modulus of elasticity, (b) the tensile strength, and (c) the fraction of the load carried by the fibers for a continuous glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, with 60% by volume E-glass fiber, stressed under isostrain conditions. The tensile strength and modulus of the fibers are 1800 MPa and 76 GPa, respectively, and the values of these quantities for the matrix are 60 MPa and 2.4 GPa, respectively. 

Osmont and Schreiber introduced interaction parameter as a. measure of acidity and basicity of glass fibers [56]. This parameter was calculated by using specific retention volumes of the injected probes, i.e. n-butanol and butylamine. For acidic surfaces, where the specific retention volume for the base exceeds that for the acidic alcohol ... 

The results of the Eshelby inclusion model of Chow (1978) are summarized in Figs. 4.4 and 4.5 for a prominent application in which the heterogeneities are much stiffer than the matrix and the results are evaluated for the special system of glass fiber or disks in an epoxy-resin polymer matrix where the shear modulus and bulk modulus of the glass are 30.6 GPa and 44.4 GPa, respectively, and those of the epoxy-resin matrix are 1.30 GPa and 3.90 GPa, respectively. For this system the dependence on volume fraction (p of filler of the normalized shear modulus of the heterogeneous composite is given in Fig. 4.4, with p being either the transverse shear modulus p 2 axial-radial shear modulus of the com-... 

Another application of dental composites is orthodontic archwires. One example is a unidirectional pultruded S2-glass-reinforced dimethacrylate thermoset resin. Depending on the yam of glass fiber used, the fiber volume fraction varied from 32 to 74 percent The strength and modulus were comparable with those of titanium wires. Orthodontic brackets were also made from composites with a polyethylene matrix reinforced with ceramic hydroxyapatite particles, resulting in isotropic properties and good adhesion to enamel. 

Carbon fibers, as well as ceramic oxide and carbide fibers, which have a combined sales volume well below that of glass fibers, are derived from solid precursor or green fibers. These precursor fibers are in turn derived from a liquid phase, e.g., from a viscous solution or from a viscous polymer by dry or melt spinning, respectively. By virtue of its organization, this book is uniquely able to pay equal attention to the formation, structures and properties of the... 

---