Voltage electrical analogue

Life is influenced by chemical and physical changes occurring in the insulation with time, e.g., oxidation. Under certain conditions, it is possible to initiate a thermal runaway failure mechanism. This power law is the electrical analogue of creep-rupture testing, except that the material fails under a sustained voltage instead of a sustained mechanical load. 

By comparing these two equations, it can be seen that charge is the electrical analogue of the strain, voltage is the electrical analogue of the stress, and capacitance corresponds to the mechanical compliance. It should be noted that a series electrical model gives rise to an equation of motion of the same form as a parallel mechanical model. This is because voltages add when in series while stresses add when in parallel. 

In the electrical analogue the thermal conductance, heat flow and temperature are equivalent to the electrical conductance, current and voltage respectively. 

Dielectric measurements are the electrical analogue of dynamic mechanical measurements. The mechanical stress is replaced by an alternating voltage across the sample (a.c. field) and the alternating strain becomes the stored charge (0 in the simple capacitor. This is always measured as its derivative dQ/dr = a.c. current. Samples are typically thin sheets, films or liquids, which can be clamped between parallel-plate electrodes as shown for the PL-DETA, as shown in Figure 7.29. The dielectric data are obtained from phase and amplitude measurements of current and voltage to resolve the components of ... 

Based on Kirchhoff s current law and voltage law, a discrete time mathematical description of the electrical analogue battery model is derived as state update Eq. (1) and output Eq. (2). 

Figure 7 Schematic presentation of a corrosion cell consisting of an anode and a cathode immersed in the same electrolyte and in electrical contact through an external resistance. Also shown is the electrical analogue of the corrosion cell including the voltage source oorr polarization resistances and the anode and the cathode, respectively, the internal resistance R due to the electrolyte, and the external resistance...

The tricyclic carbamazepine, its analogue oxycarbazepine, and phenytoin enhance inactivation of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels and limit the spread of electrical excitation by inhibiting sustained high-frequency firing of neurons. 

In Debye s model of dielectric relaxation, the polarisation process has a single relaxation time. The model has both electrical circuit and viscoelastic model analogues (Fig. 12.14). The electrical circuit is the dual of the mechanical model, because the voltages across the capacitor and resistor... 

The easiest electrical properties to measure accurately are voltage and resistance. Thus, the primary application tool of electrical measurement is the common volt-ohm meter (VOM), either as an analogue device or as its digital counterpart, the digital volt-ohm meter (DVOM). 

The current is analogous to permeation rate, the driving force or voltage is analogous to the concentration gradient or pressure differential, and the electrical resistance is then the analogue of resistance to permeate flow. The resistance to permeate flow can then be said to be Rf. 

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