Vitellogenin detection

Several assays, such as the ultra-sensitive luminescent ELRA developed by Seifert (2004) with a detection limit of 20 ng L-1 for 17 (3-estradiol, have been reported in the literature. Although these assays are simple to use, many factors, such as differences in culture conditions, cell density or cell-line clones, affect the potency of estrogenic substances, and that makes the standardization of these methods difficult. The induction of several proteins or enzyme activities (e.g. the increasing levels of alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin D, prolactin and vitellogenin as a consequence of progestogens) has also been used to study estrogenicity. However, expression of these proteins or enzyme activities is restricted to specific cell lines and cannot be extrapolated to other tissues or species. 

V. Applications of vitellogenin as a biomarker for detection of estrogenic activity... 

Parks, L.G., A.O. Cheek, N.D. Denslow, S.A. Heppell, J.A. McLachlan, G.A. LeBlanc and C.V. Sullivan. Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) vitellogenin purification, characterization and quantitative immunoassay for the detection of estrogenic compounds. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 123C 113-125, 1999. 

Darain, F., Park, D.S., Park, J.S., Shim, Y.B., 2004. Development of an immunosensor for the detection of vitellogenin using impedance spectroscopy. Biosens. Bioelectron. 19, 1245—1252. 

Isidori M, Cangiano M, Palermo FA et al (2010) E-screen and vitellogenin assay for the detection of the estrogenic activity of alkylphenols and trace elements. Comp Biochem Physiol C ... 

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