Visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy optical conductivity

In a large portion of routine and discovery-oriented analyses, mass spectrometry (MS) is used as a qualitative technique. The obtained qualitative data enable detection and structural elucidation of molecules present in the analyzed samples. However, modern chemistry and biochemistry heavily rely on quantitative information. In biochemistry it is often sufficient to conduct quantification of analytes in biofluids every few hours, days, or even weeks. In the real-time monitoring of highly dynamic samples, it is necessary to collect data points at higher frequencies. When it comes to selection of techniques for quantitative analyses, especially in the monitoring of dynamic samples, MS has not generally been favored. In fact, the performance of MS in quantitative analysis is worse than that of optical spectroscopies - especially, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. 

The monomers and polymers were characterized by infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, H and - C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), element analyses, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarizing optical microscopy. The molecular weights of the polymers were evaluated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene standards, and electrical conductivities upon iodine doping for the cast film of the polymers were measured by the four-probe method. 

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