Conversion factors viscosity

Index Entries Biopolymer exopolysaccharides Rhizobium sp viscosity conversion factor. 

For part (b), using lb force units and the viscosity conversion factor from Appendix A.1,... 

As a 1.7 dtex (1.5 den) fiber, it can be spun into yams with a better strength conversion factor than other ceUulosics, aUowing rotor-spun Tencel to outperform ring-spun cotton or modal viscose. Fabrics can be made at high efficiency, and prove to have the anticipated tear and tensUe advantages over other ceUulosics. Direct, reactive, or vat dyes can be used, and easy care properties can be achieved with less resin finish than normal. Tencel could therefore be positioned as a new premium quaUty apparel ceUulosic and not simply as a long-term replacement for viscose. 

While the rate of azo-compound decomposition shows only a small dependence on solvent viscosity, the amount of cage reaction (and hence f) varies dramatically with the viscosity of the reaction medium and hence with factors that determine the viscosity (conversion, temperature, solvent, etc.) 1... 

This equation defines the permeability (K) and is known as Darcy s law. The most common unit for the permeability is the darcy, which is defined as the flow rate in cm3/s that results when a pressure drop of 1 atm is applied to a porous medium that is 1 cm2 in cross-sectional area and 1 cm long, for a fluid with viscosity of 1 cP. It should be evident that the dimensions of the darcy are L2, and the conversion factors are (approximately) 10 x cm2/darcy C5 10-11 ft2/darcy. The flow properties of tight, crude oil bearing, rock formations are often described in permeability units of millidarcies. 

The Saybolt universal viscosity equivalent to a given kinematic viscosity varies slightly with the temperature at which the determination is made because the temperature of the calibrated receiving flask used in the Saybolt method is not the same as that of the oil. Conversion factors are used to convert kinematic viscosity from 2 to 70 cSt at 38°C (100°F) and 99°C (210°F) to equivalent Saybolt universal viscosity in seconds. Appropriate multipliers are listed to convert kinematic viscosity over 70 cSt. For a kinematic viscosity determined at any other temperature, the equivalent Saybolt universal value is calculated by use of the Saybolt equivalent at 38°C (100°F) and a multiplier that varies with the temperature ... 

In many industries viscosity is reported in centipoise or poise. The conversion factor is 6.72 X 10" (lb yft s)/ccntipoisc. 

The viscosity of Newtonian fluids was defined as the ratio of shear stress to rate of shear r/du/dr (the conversion factor gc being temporarily... 

There are four degrees of viscosity X, L, M, and H. In each a different concentration is used, thus for X, L, M and H the concentrations are 40, 20, 10 and 3% respectively (in g per 100 ml solvent). These ranges bear no simple relation to each other, and the general use of conversion factors to convert a viscosity determined in one range into another is quite inadmissible. 

Intrinsic Viscosity. Intrinsic viscosity was determined in tetrahydro-naphthalene at 130°C. BMWD = 1.80 dl/gram NMWD = 0.98 dl/gram. These values were converted to the corresponding values in decahydro-naphthalene at 135°C using a conversion factor of 1.16 given by Tung (10). Then, an equation by Billmeyer (11) for whole polymer was used to calculate Mw (interpretation 1). For NMWD sample the equation for the fractions (11) may be more appropriate the calculated Mw values are given as interpretation 2. 

The Saybolt universal viscosity (SUS) equivalent to a given kinematic viscosity varies slightly with the temperature at which the determination is made because the temperature of the calibrated receiving flask used in the Saybolt method is not the same as that of the oil. Conversion factors are used to convert... 

At 0.27 hp (0.20 kW), a constant viscous power number can be used to predict an apparent viscosity, with the aid of a 6.11 x 1CV15 units-conversion factor ... 

Using the result obtained by Bull and Gortner [J. Phys, Chem, 36, 111 (1932)], that SIP for the streaming of 2 X 10 N sodium chloride through a diaphragm of quartz particles is about 25 millivolts per cm. of mercury pressure, calculate the approximate specific surface conductance of the solution used. Compare the result with the normal value for sodium chloride at the same concentration. The viscosity and dielectric constant of the solution may be assumed to be the same as for water, and the zeta-potential may be taken as 0.05 volt. (Care should be exercised in the matter of units, use being made of the conversion factors in Table I.)... 

Table 1-1 Conversion Factors for Viscosity, Kinematic Viscosity, and Activation Energy of Fiow...

This is an empirical equation relating the change in the pressure drop across the bed as a function of the weight of the catalyst (W), the flow velocity (G), densities of the electrolyte, and the catalyst particle (p and pc), as well as the diameter of the pellets and that of the bed (Dp and Dc). The parameter gc is a conversion factor, and c j is the porosity of the bed. The right hand side of Equation 18.60 has only two parameters that vary with pressure if the fluid is compressible the density of the electrolyte (p) and its viscosity (pi). However, these parameters do not change as much for liquids as for gaseous reactants—especially for aqueous electrolytes. Hence the pressure dependence on packing can be simplified for incompressible fluids as follows ... 

In English units viscosity is defined using the Newton s-Iaw conversion factor g, and the units of p are pounds per foot-second or pounds per foot-hour. The defining equation is... 

Kinematic viscosity. The ratio of the absolute viscosity to the density of a fluid, jijp, is often useful. This property is called the kinematic viscosity and designated by V. In the SI system, the unit for v is square meters per second. In the cgs system, the kinematic viscosity is called the stoke (St), defined as 1 cm s. The fps unit is square feet per second. Conversion factors are... 

Conversion factors for mass, density, pressure, energy, specific energy, specific heat, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and kinematic viscosity in different systems of units are also given in Chap. 2 (Tables 2.1-2.9). 

TABLE 2.8 Conversion Factors for Units of Dynamic Viscosity... 

---