Viruses, lipids extracted from

Van Deemter equation. 54-55 Van der Waals interactions, 4 Video densitometers, 38 Viomycin, 462-463 Viruses, lipids extracted from, 690 Visual detection, 206-208 Visual estimation, 521 Vitamins ... 

Thus, the effects of glycosylation inhibitors on intact cells may also be studied best with virus-infected cells. Before release of virus, the glycoproteins are detected in the water-insoluble, membranous fraction. Furthermore, the lipid-linked oligosaccharides may be rather specifically extracted from whole cells, and monosaccharide-lipids may also be determined.3-116 It is thus seen that the various tools of virology and of lipid and carbohydrate biochemistry have proved productive in establishing the mode of action of inhibitors of lipid-depen-dent glycosylation of proteins. 

This separation is based on the size of the porous, hydrophobic gels. The pore size must be greater than the pore size of the molecules to be separated. Gel-permeation cleanup (GPC) is used for cleaning sample extracts from synthetic macromolecules, polymers, proteins, lipids, steroids, viruses, natural resins, and other high molecular weight compounds. Methylene chloride is used as the solvent for separation. A 5 mL aliquot of the extract is loaded onto the GPC column. Elution is carried out using a suitable solvent, and the eluate is concentrated for analysis. 

The inhibitory effects of the pyrrolinone derivatives were evaluated using enzyme inhibition and cellular activation assays. Compound 6 (Fig. 4.3-5) showed an IC50 of 10 nM, compared to 0.6 nM for the related peptide inhibitor 5 (L682,679). However, the synthetic agent 6 showed better cell transport capacity. In a cellular antiviral assay, 5 and 6 showed CIC95 values (the concentration that inhibits 95% of virus multiplication in the cellular cultures) of 6.0 and 1.5 pM, respectively. Smith and Hirschmann proposed that the improved cellular uptake properties of polypyrrolinones are due to a reduction in the inhibitor solvation. Solvation is an impediment to transport because extraction of a molecule into a lipid bilayer from an aqueous phase is... 

If the virus is treated with proteolytic enzymes the fuzzy layer formed by the viral spikes is removed (Osterrieth, 1965 Compans, 1971 Gahm-berg et al, 1972 Sefton and Gaffney, 1974 Utermann and Simons, 1974). Remnants of both El and E2 are left in the bilayer. These have a hydrophobic amino acid composition, and are soluble in lipid solvents such as chloroform-methanol. The amphiphilic nature of the spike protein is also evident from its capacity to bind Triton X-100 (0.6 g/g protein) which binds to the hydrophobic part to form a water-soluble protein-detergent complex (Simons et al., 1973a). The ability of amphiphilic proteins to bind Triton can be used to separate them from hydrophilic proteins using an extraction procedure recendy described... 

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