Viruses diseases/pathogens

Tulip breaking, the oldest example of a plant virus disease, caused by the TBV potyvirus, provides one of the best examples of how a pathogen, can interfere with the accumulation of anthocyanins, inducing the legendary tulipmania in... 

A subunit vaccine consists of one or more immunogenic epitopes, proteins, or other components of a pathogenic organism. Immunogenic epitopes can be chemically synthesized and are known as peptide vaccines, e.g., peptide vaccine candidates for foot-and-mouth disease virus. The pathogen could be disrupted, and one or more immunogenic proteins such as bacterial cell wall proteins flagella or pili and viral envelope, capsid, or nucleoproteins can be purified. The isolation of such components in purified form is sometimes cumbersome and expensive. However, bacterial exotoxins can be easily purified, inactivated, and used as toxoid vaccines. 

DNLM 1. Virus Diseases—pathology. 2. Chemokines—physiology. 3. Viruses—pathogenicity. WC 500 C517 2004]... 

Viruses are the 2nd most problematic pathogen, behind protozoa. As with protozoa, most waterborne viral diseases don t present a lethal hazard to a healthy adult. Waterborne pathogenic viruses range in size from 0.020-0.030 jtim, and are too small to be filtered out by a mechanical filter. All waterborne enteric viruses affecting humans occur solely in humans, thus animal waste doesn t present much of a viral threat. At the present viruses don t present a major hazard to people drinking surface water in the U.S., but this could change in a survival situation as the level of human sanitation is reduced. Viruses do tend to show up even in remote areas, so a case can be made for eliminating them now. 

Pathogenic organisms Bacteria, viruses or cysts which cause disease (typhoid, cholera, dysentery) in a host (such as a person). There are many types of bacteria (non-pathogenic) which do NOT cause disease. Many beneficial bacteria are found in wastewater treatment processes actively cleaning up organic wastes. 

Pathogen A disease produeing agent. The term is usually restrieted to a living organism sueh as a baeterium or virus. 

The cultivation of viruses from material taken from lesions is an important step in the diagnosis of many viral diseases. Studies of the basic biology and multiplication processes of human viruses also require that they are grown in the laboratory under experimental conditions. Human pathogenic viruses can be propagated in three types of cell systems. 

---