Virtual retrospective

Xu H, Agrafiotis DK Retrospect and prospect of virtual screening in drug discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2002 2 1305-20. 

In a cohort of 29 patients with suspected recurrent colorectal carcinoma referred for restaging Strunk et al. [31] retrospectively compared [ F]-FDG-PET alone, CT alone, [ F]-FDG-PET and CT virtually fused with simultaneously coregistered [ F]-FDG-PET/CT scans. Detection of lesions was most sensitive with coregistered [ F]-FDG-PET/CT scans. Discrepancies were mainly found in the lung and lymph nodes, where [ F]-FDG-PET alone detected often lymph nodes and soft tissue masses where CT alone was often negative. Coregistered [ F]-FDG-PET/CT scans provided additional information in 7 of... 

The Exclusion Principle endows quantum mechanical systems with a property analogous in many respects to the classical concept of impenetrability 156h This property finds expression in classical structural theory in the concept of molecular, van der Waals domains that may touch and deform one another but do not overlap in the concept of ionic spheres of influence that, while polarizable and compressible, are effectively impenetrable and in the well known, if seldom articulated, theorem that the valence strokes of classical structural theory never cross one another 78h Taken with Lewis s identification of the valence-stroke as precisely two electrons, this non-crossing theorem virtually demands (in retrospect) a wave-like character for electrons and an exclusion principle. 

In the mid-1980s, virtually simultaneous reports on two new precise molecular level constructions of sub-nanoscopic/nanoscopic size appeared in the literature. In 1984 we (DAT) reported the synthesis, isolation and characterization of the first iterated series of Starburst/cascade dendrimers based on genealogical synthesis [2, 77-83]. The following year Smalley, Curl and Kroto described the first observation of a 60-carbon fullerene by mass spectroscopy [43a]. More recently the synthesis of buckminsterfullerene has been achieved by physicists at the Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg [44] to give macroscopic quantities of the third allotropic and first molecular form of carbon, named after Buckminster Fuller. Similarities between these two constructions were not initially apparent, but in retrospect they deserve comment in so far as they each involve molecular level synthesis leading to closed geometrical architecture". 

In another case of acute systemic allergy to quinine, which mimicked septic shock, with little hemolysis or renal involvement, the patient presented twice with a virtually identical clinical picture sudden fever, rigors, and back pain, followed by hypotension, metabolic acidosis, granulocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. On each occasion chnical and laboratory indices recovered spontaneously within 36 hours. A retrospective analysis of the patient s serum showed the presence of neutrophil-specific, quinine-dependent antibodies. 

Virtually all retrospective case-control studies in whites have reported a strong association between increased Lp(a) and the risk of CHD. In contrast, prospective studies have provided contradictory results, with four of them finding an association between high Lp(a) concentrations and CHD and three not finding any association. Interestingly, the few clinical studies in which Lp(a) was evaluated as a CHD risk factor in African Americans suggest that elevated Lp(a) is not as important a risk factor in this group. 

---