Viologen polymers

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of a Polythiophene—Viologen Polymer... 

Vinylene sulfate — see 2,2-dioxide under 1,3,2-Dioxathiole Vinylene thiocarbonate synthesis, 6, 780 Vinylene trithiocarbonates photolysis, 7, 181 Violapterin occurrence, 3, 324 Viologens polymers... 

The peak shift due to aggregation is observed not only in LBK films containing azobenzene chromophores, but also for other chromophores with extended Ji-systems, such as viologen polymers. For monolayers of the poly(p-phenylene sulfonate) 9/ dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODA) complex, the peak shift due to aggregation results in a piezo-chromic effect—that is, upon compression of the monolayer, a significant shift of the poly(p-phenylene sulfate) A band is observed (see Figure 6.9). This photochromic effect has been shown to be based on the improved 7t-Jt interaction upon compression of the monolayer. ... 

Shimomura, M., Utsugi, K., Horikoshi, J., Okuyama, K., Hatozaki, O., and Okuyama, N. Two-Dimensional Ordering of Viologen Polymers Fixed on Chai d Surface of Bilayer Membranes A Peculiar Odd-Even Effect on Redox Potential and Adsorption Spectrum. Langmuir 7, 760 (1991). 

N. Leventis Y. C. Chung, Preparation And Characterization Of Tungsten Trioxide Dibenzyl Viologen Polymer Bilayer Electrochromic Films. J. Mater. Chem. 1993, 3, 833-839. 

Bhowmik PK, Akhter S, Han H (1995) Thermotropic liquid-crystalline main-chain viologen polymers. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 33 1927-1933... 

Karatani H, Wada N, Sugimoto T. Voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical characterization of a water-soluble viologen polymer and its application to electron-transfer mediator for enzyme-free regeneration of NADH. Bioelectrochem, 2003 60 57-64. 

Yamada YM, Uozumi Y (2006) A solid-phase self-organized catalyst of nanopalladium with main-chain viologen polymers a-alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols. Org Lett 8(7) 1375-1378 Yamada YM, Uozumi Y (2007) Development of a convoluted polymeric nanopalladium catalyst oi-alkylation of ketones and ring-opening alkylation of cyclic 1, 3-diketones with primary alcohols. Tetrahedron 63(35) 8492-8498... 

Polyrotaxanes, in which many cyclic molecules are mechanically interlocked onto a polymeric chain, have been synthesized using macrocyclic compounds such as cyclodextrins, crown ethers and blue boxes. Synthesis of pillar[5]arene-based polyrotaxanes consisting of cationic polymers, such as viologen polymer, is relatively easy because pillar[5]arene forms stable host-guest complexes with cationic molecules (see details in Chapter 9) however, it is difficult to synthesize nonionic polymer-based polyrotaxanes. To synthesize nonionic polymer-based polyrotaxanes, we used a liquid... 

Figure 5 Efectrochemical cation radical formation in the polyion complex films of the viologen polymers 17 and anionic amphiphile 4 cast on ITO electrodes (a) spectral changes of even and odd polymers during electrochemical reduction (h) schematic illustrations of the organization of the polymer chain intercalated into the amphiphile bilayers. Upper figure describes in-plane view of the polymer layer.

D. Alternate Viologen Polymers from Vinylben2yl Chloride-Modified... 

C. Synthesis of Viologen Polymer from BCTD and 4,4 -Bipyridine 181... 

Kamogawa and coworkers " reported a color change displayed by films of poly(A -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) that contain aryl viologens and films of copolymers that contain AiA -dimethylacrylamide with vinyl viologen. Abruna and Bard and Burgmayer and Murry studied electrode films of viologen polymers, which have been prepared from preformed polymers 43 and 44 (Scheme 17). Thus electrode... 

Scheme 17 Electrode films of viologen polymers prepared from preformed potymers 43 and 44.

Scheme 20 Two-step synthesis of viologen polymer from vinylbenzyl chloride-modified tetramethyldisiloxane and 4,4 -bipyridine.

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