Vinyl chloride clusters

Fig. 24.1. (a) A copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate the "alloy" pocks less regularly, has a lower Tg, and is less brittle than simple polyvinylchloride (PVC). (b) A block copolymer the two different molecules in the alloy ore clustered into blocks along the chain. 

Bilayer-forming amphiphiles are cast with hydrophobic polymer(e.g. poly(vinyl chloride)) from organic solvents. A large cluster of the bilayer membrane are formed as phase separated micro domains in the polymer matrix [36]. 

Although this has been shown to occur in experimental animals after exposure of males to foreign compounds such as cyclophosphamide, there is only inconclusive evidence that this occurs in humans. Thus, studies of exposure of human males to vinyl chloride, dibromo-chloropropane, and anesthetic gases, for example, have revealed only equivocal evidence of developmental toxicity in the offspring. There now seems to be some evidence that the leukemia occurring in children, which appears to be clustered around nuclear fuel-reprocessing plants such as Sellafield in the United Kingdom, may be due to paternal exposure to radiation. 

These workers also investigated eight industrially important high-mass polymers by laser microprobe FTICR. These polymers included PEG 8000, poly(phenylene sulfide) (MW 1.0 x 10 ), poly(vinyl acetate) (MW 6.4 x 10 ), poly(styrene) (MW 2.5 x 10 ), PMMA (MW 4.6 x 10 ), poly(vinyl chloride) (3.7 x 10 ), poly(acrylonitrile) (MW 2.3 x 10 ), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (MW 4.4 x 10 ). Brenna and Creasy posed the question of whether broadband UV laser microprobe FTICR could be used to identify these polymers, and they also wanted to compare spectra with the more widely used TOF laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LAMMA). Results include the observation of odd-mass ions, carbon clustering (Figure 9.4), stable subunit condensation,... 

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