Vicarious consequences

Vicarious consequences As children, we learned numerous behavioral patterns by watching oiu parents, teachers, and peers. When we saw our siblings or schoolmates receive rewards like special attention for certain behaviors, we were more likely to copy that behavior, for instance. This process is termed vicarious, or indirect, reinforcement. At the same time, when we observed others getting punished for emitting certain behaviors, we learned to avoid these behaviors. This is referred to as vicarious punishment. 

Medical malpractice liability exists for treatment with CAM, particularly if clinicians recommend that patients take a supplement that is inferior in quality and, as a consequence, harmful. The same holds true if physicians direct patients to a negligent CAM practitioner. The referring clinician may be vicariously liable. The risk of negligence is especially keen if clinicians refer patients for a particular type of alternative therapy that... 

We mention as the first and foremost dogma responsible for all that Protestantism condemns in Catholicism, the dogma of Vicarious Atonement of Christ. If Christ could forgive sins, then he could not sin. If the priest stands as Christ s vicegerent, he can forgive sins, and consequently he, like Christ, is immune from sin. He can forgive himself, and any co-partner... 

Observational learning, also known as modeling or imitation, proposes that learning occurs as a result of observation and consequence. Behavior is learned through imitation, however behavior that is rewarded is more readily imitated than behavior that is punished. Termed vicarious conditioning, this type of learning is present when there is attention to the behavior, retention and the ability to reproduce the behavior, and motivation for the learning to occur. 

Many environmental and safety regulations carry criminal liability provisions. This means that a person who breaks the law can be prosecuted under the criminal code. Furthermore, if anyone else approved of that act, or failed to stop it, knowing that a violation was taking place, then that person is also liable to criminal prosecution. In addition, a corporate officer can be held vicariously liable for the conduct of a subordinate employee. This also applies if that officer deliberately screens himself so as not to hear the facts. It is important that plant personnel know the seriousness of the regulations and the consequences of noncompliance. 

One of the main consequences of iron deficiency is the reduced synthesis of hemoglobin, leading to the appearance of small (microcytic) erythrocytes poor in hemoglobin (hypochromic) in the blood. Since there is no interference with division and maturation of the mother cell of the erythrocyte, it is not surprising that the bone marrow cells attempt to compensate for the reduced concentration of hemoglobin per cell by increasing the number of cells. Thus, the bone marrow becomes hyperplastic. In fact, vicarious hematopoiesis often appears in spleen and liver of patients with iron deficiency anemia. 

The model proposed here combines the present-day geomorphological configuration of the extensive and mostly continuous crystalline surface with discontinuous areas of sedimentary surfaces. As such, it would also provide an explanation of the disjunct distribution of the species inhabiting sandy areas, as being a consequence of the events promoting vicariance within a formerly... 

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