Vestibular toxicity aminoglycosides causing

Aminoglycosides accumulate in otolymph and can cause both vestibular and auditory ototoxicity, both of which can be irreversible. Uptake is driven by the concentration gradient between blood and the otolymph this process is saturable. Sustained high concentrations in otolymph first destroy hair cells that are sensitive to high-frequency sounds. Streptomycin is more likely to cause vestibular toxicity than ototoxicity. The severity... 

Isepamicin is similar to amikacin but has better activity against strains that produce type I 6 -acetyltransferase. It can cause nephrotoxicity, vestibular toxicity, and ototoxicity. However, it is one of the less toxic of the aminoglycosides (1). The antibacterial spectrum of isepamicin includes Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci anaerobes, Neisseriae, and streptococci are resistant (1). Isepamicin was as effective and safe as amikacin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children and might prove an advantageous alternative in areas with a high incidence of resistance to other aminoglycosides (2). 

Tobramycin, like other aminoglycosides, causes both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. However, tobramycin may be less toxic to hair cells in the cochlear and vestibular end organs and cause less renal tubular damage than does gentamicin. 

All aminoglycosides, including streptomycin, have the potential to produce irreversible vestibular and cochlear intoxication (16). Nonstreptomycin aminoglycosides are also renally toxic (16). The underlying causes of aminoglycoside ototoxicity are unresolved (reviewed in Ref 71). Multiple hypotheses exist to explain aminoglycoside ototoxicity, but none are com-... 

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