Vertebrates electrophoresis

One of the first enzymes found to have isozymes was lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p. 538), which, in vertebrate tissues, exists as at least five different isozymes separable by electrophoresis. All LDH isozymes contain four polypeptide chains (each of Mt 33,500), each type containing a different ratio of two lands of polypeptides. The M (for muscle) chain and the H (for heart) chain are encoded by two different genes. 

Hu, D. H., Kimura, S., and Maruyama, K. (1986). Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis studies of connectin-like high molecular weight proteins of various types of vertebrate and invertebrate muscles./. Biochem. (Tokyo) 99, 1485—1492. 

Fiszer-Szafarz, B., Szafarz, D., and Vannier, P., Polymorphism of hyaluronidase in serum from man, various mouse strains and other vertebrate species revealed by electrophoresis, Biol Cell., 68, 95, 1990. 

Starch Gel Electrophoresis in Vertebrates By Janice Britton-Da vidian... 

Enzymes which exist in multiple forms within a single species of organism or even in a single cell are called isoenzymes or isozymes. Such multiple forms can be detected and separated by gel electrophoresis of cell extracts. Since they are coded by different genes, they differ in amino acid composition and thus in their isoelectric pH values. Lactate dehydrogenase is an example for the isoenzymes which occur as five different forms in the tissues of the human and other vertebrates. All the five isozymes catalyze the same reaction. 

It is well known that overall protein synthesis of permissive vertebrate cells is inhibited by alphavirus infections (Wengler, 1980). When incorporation of radioactive amino acids into proteins is analyzed using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), the decrease in host protein synthesis is concomitant with the increase in the relative amounts of virus-specific polypeptides. At the end of the exponential phase of virus growth, the majority of the newly synthesized proteins are virus specific (Pfefferkorn and Shapiro, 1974 Strauss and Strauss, 1977). In general, the rate of the inhibition of host protein synthesis depends upon the multiplicity of infection as well as the time after infection. 

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