Varicocele spermatic veins

The association between testicular atrophy and dilated scrotal veins was noticed as early as in the first century AD [1], Ivanissevich in a 1960 article [2] remarked that the clinical association of varicocele with pain symptoms had been noted as early as 1541 by Ambrois Pare who described the varicocele as "a compact pack of vessels filled with melancholic blood . In the same article Ivanissevich described one of the earliest extensive experiences with supra-inguinal ligation of the internal spermatic vein as a curative measure [2]. In the late nineteenth century it was first shown that correction of varicocele could... 

Madgar I, Weissenberg R, Lunenfeld B, Karasik A, Goldwasser B (1995) Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men. Fertil Steril 63 120-124... 

Fig. 23.13a,b A 12-year-old boy with left varicocele, a Selective catheterization of the left spermatic vein with a 7-F cobra and a coaxial 3-F catheters, b Injection of 4 cc of sodium tetradecyl sulfate with proximal coil occlusion... 

Bahren W, Lenz M, Porst H, et al. (1983) Side effects, complications and contraindications for percutaneous sclerotherapy of the internal spermatic vein in the treatment of idiopathic varicocele. ROFO 128 172-179... 

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