Percutaneous sclerotherapy

Rastogi, S., Varshney, M.K., Trikha, V., Khan, S.A., Choudhury, B., Safaya, R. 2006. Treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts with percutaneous sclerotherapy using polidocanol A review of 72 cases with long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88-B(90), 1212-1216. 

Dubois J, Sebag GH, De Prost Y et al. (1991) The treatment of soft tissue venous malformation in children percutaneous sclerotherapy with Ethibloc. Radiology 180 195-198... 

Choi YH, Han MH, 0-Ki K, et al. (2002) Craniofacial cavernous venous malformations percutaneous sclerotherapy with use of ethanolamine oleate. J Vase Interv Radiol 13 475-482... 

The use of percutaneous sclerotherapy as a treatment for varicocele was first described in 1980 [5]. The most commonly used embolization method in the USA, which is the use of metal coils (Fig. 12.2), was described in 1978 [20]. Ever since, additional materials and methods have been reported including modified coils such as the new Amplatz vascular plug, boiling contrast, detachable balloons. 

Chen WL, Huang ZQ, Zhang DM, Chai Q. Percutaneous sclerotherapy of massive venous matformations of the face and neck using fibrin glue combined with OK-432 and pingyangmydn. Head Neck 2010 32(4) 467-72. 

Percutaneous sclerotherapy usually is performed under general anesthesia and with fluoroscopic monitoring, using pure (96%) ethanol, Ethibloc, and water-iodinated contrast material. FD-CT provides valuable cross-sectional visuafization of deep compartments of facial venous malformations for better control and safety during embohzation (Fig. 40.14). 

Percutaneous sclerotherapy of low-flow vascular malformations can be technically straightforward, hut requires pre-procedure and post-procedure planning in order to avoid serious complications. 

Molitch HI, Unger EC, Witte CL et al. (1995) Percutaneous sclerotherapy of lymphangiomas. Radiology 194 343-347... 

Bahren W, Lenz M, Porst H, et al. (1983) Side effects, complications and contraindications for percutaneous sclerotherapy of the internal spermatic vein in the treatment of idiopathic varicocele. ROFO 128 172-179... 

Reeders ST, Breuning NH, Davies KE et al (1985) A highly polymorphic DNA marker linked to adult polycystic kidney disease on chromosome 16. Nature 317 542-544 Reiner I, Donell S, Jones M et al (1992) Percutaneous sclerotherapy for simple renal cysts in children. Br J Radiol 65 281-282... 

Abbott KC, Schenkman N, Swanson SJ et al (2003) Hospitalized nephrolithiasis after renal transplantation in the United States. Am J Transplant 3 465-470 Adani GL, Baccarani U, Bresadola V et al (2005) Graft loss due to percutaneous sclerotherapy of a lymphocele using acetic acid after renal transplantation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 28 836-838... 

Gabal, A.M. 2002. Percutaneous technique for sclerotherapy of vertebral hemangioma compressing spinal cord. Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology 25(6), 494-500. 

Comparative studies Percutaneous repetitive sclerotherapy with polidocanol has been compared with intralesional excision and bone grafting in the treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts in 94 patients [57 ]. Complications of sclerotherapy were minor and resolved, while three of those who had surgery developed deep infections, five had superficial infections, and two had growth disturbances. Intralesional excision was also associated with higher rates of clinically important complications, worse functional outcomes, and a higher hospital burden. 

Irrespective of the type of varicocele, the sclerotherapy procedure is the same. Our technical protocol for percutaneous endovascular occlusion of the ISV is as follows IV sedation by Ketamine/ Midazolam, femoral vein approach, 7-F Cobra catheter with coaxial 3-F or Tracker 18 for distal sclerotherapy by sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) followed by more proximal coil occlusion, bed-rest for 4 hours, and discharge 6 hours post-procedure (Fig. 23.13a,b). Results are assessed by the referring surgeon 2 months later. 

Lopez C, Serres-Cousine 0, Averous M (1998) Varicocele in adolescents. Treatment by sclerotherapy and percutaneous embolization reflections on the method. A propos of 23 leases. Prog Urol 8 382-387... 

A case is reported of femoral nerve injury as a complication of percutaneous simple renal cyst. Renal cysts are benign, common and often as3miptomatic disease in old age, and sometimes treated with ethanol sclerotherapy. The present case describes an iatrogenic femoral nerve injury following p>ercutaneous injection of ethanol into a renal cyst imder sedation [60 ]. The percutaneous injection was guided by sonography At end of the procedure. 

Ashraf A, Karami MY, Amanat A. Femoral nerve injury as a complication of percutaneous simple renal cyst sclerotherapy with ethanol a case report Case Rep Med 2012. 

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