Variables, Types and Operators

Generally speaking, a variable is a named location in memory that can be assigned a value. In C- —H, a variable name must be declared before a value can be assigned to it  

Here the first statement declares a variable of type int (an integer) called size the second statement assigns the value 4 to this variable. Note that the declaration may also appear on the same line as the initial assignment  

In addition to the integer, the fundamental types in C- —k are single- and double-precision floating point (float and double respectively), boolean (bool) and character (char). Variables of the floating point types can hold numerical values with fractional components as well as very large numbers that are too big to be stored in a variable of type int  

A double can hold numbers to a higher precision (more significant figures) than can a float. A variable of type bool can hold the value true or the value false, both of which are keywords. Additionally, in C++, numerical values automatically evaluate to true or false, with any non-zero value evaluating to true and zero evaluating to false. A variable of type char can hold a single 8-bit ASCII character  

The ASCII character set includes the letters a-z, A-Z, numbers 0-9, and most common punctuation marks. ASCII also includes a number of control characters, the most important of which is written as n, which is the code for a new line. Unlike many other languages, there is no fundamental string type however, one is included as part of the standard library. 

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