Second law statement

The treatments that are concerned in more detail with the nature of the adsorbed layer make use of the general thermodynamic framework of the derivation of the Gibbs equation (Section III-5B) but differ in the handling of the electrochemical potential and the surface excess of the ionic species [114-117]. The derivation given here is after that of Grahame and Whitney [117]. Equation III-76 gives the combined first- and second-law statements for the surface excess quantities... 

TABLE 5.1 Second-Law Statements for Various Constraint Conditions, Expressed in Terms of the Appropriate Thermodynamic Potential... 

Table 5.1 summarizes the various constraint conditions and the associated thermodynamic potentials and second-law statements for direction of spontaneous change or condition of equilibrium. All of these statements are equivalent to Carnot s theorem ( dq/T < 0) or to Clausius inequality ([Pg.164]

PI 1.1 The first of the four fundamental equations of Gibbs equation (11.10) is obtained by combining equation (11.6), the statement of the First Law applied to the system, with equation (11.7), the Second Law statement for a reversible process, again applied to the system, and equation (11.8) that calculates reversible pressure-volume work. Start with equation (11.10) and the defining equations for H, A, and G equations (11.1), (11.2), and (11.3), and derive the other Gibbs equations equations (11.11), (11.12), and (11.13). ... 

The second-law statement of Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) is that it is not po.ssible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and whose sole effect is to transfer lieat from a colder body to a hotter body. Show from the a.xiom. Soe > 0 that the process below is impossible, so that the Clausius statement of the second law is consistent with what has been presented in this book. 

We are now in a position to recast the second law in a manner frequently adopted in elementary introductions to the second law. Statement (v) above provides the basis for Kelvin s formulation of the second law ... 

THE COMBINED FIRST AND SECOND LAW STATEMENT REVERSIBLE WORK... 

The combined first and second law statement allows us to calculate the reversible work for any process, actual or hypothetical. It also leads to the definitions of several useful convenience functions. 

Do you see any disagreement between these observations and the second law statements ... 

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