Vaporization characteristics

Rao, V. B., I. Cavalcanti, and K. Hada. 1996. "Annual variation of rainfall over Brazil and water vapor characteristics over South America." Journal of Geophysical Research 101 26539-26551. 

This chapter complements Refs. 21 and 22 in reviewing the progresses made on the transient, convective, multicomponent droplet vaporization, with particular emphasis on the internal transport processes and their influences on the bulk vaporization characteristics. The interest and importance in stressing these particular features of droplet vaporization arise from the fact that most of the practical fuels used are blends of many chemical compounds with widely different chemical and physical properties. The approximation of such a complex mixture by a single compound, as is frequently assumed, not only may result in grossly inaccurate estimates of the quantitative vaporization characteristics but also may not account for such potentially important phenomena as soot formation when the droplet becomes more concentrated with high-boiling point compounds towards the end of its lifetime. Furthermore, multi-... 

The d -law assumes a constant Tg. However, in many practical situations the temperature of the droplet when introduced into the evaporator is far below this final, equilibrium value. Hence an initial transient heating period exists during which y, and Tf all increase whereas H decreases. Furthermore it can be estimated also that the sensible heat required to heat the droplet is of the same order as the latent heat of vaporization. Hence droplet transient heating effects on the bulk vaporization characteristics are expected to be significant. Two such models, representing extreme rates of internal heating, will be discussed. 

General Discussion. It was shown in the previous section that the bulk vaporization characteristics of a single-component droplet do not depend too sensitively on the detailed description of the internal heat transfer mechanisms. However, for multicomponent droplet vaporization qualitatively different behavior is expected for different internal transport mechanisms. This is because the vaporization characteristics (for example, the vaporization rate, the flame temperature and location, and the... 

In the following sections we shall again investigate separately the vaporization characteristics for the diffusion limit and the rapid mixing hmit. 

In general, results from this model show (50) that the dominant vaporizing species participate approximately sequentially in order of their relative volatihties. The transition between any adjacent pair begins when the concentration of the less volatile species exceeds that of the more volatile one. The droplet temperature increases monotonically, with most of the increase occurring during the transition period, which can be quite abrupt for compounds with large volatihty differentials. These vaporization characteristics differ qualitatively from those of the diffusion limit model. 

The critical constants represent the state of a system at which the distinction between the liquid and vapor phases disappears. We usually describe this situation by saying that above the critical temperature the liquid phase cannot be produced by the application of pressure alone. The liquid and vapor phases can no longer coexist, though fluids in the so-called supercritical region have both liquid and vapor characteristics. (See Impaa 1.4.1 for a more thorough discussion of the supercritical state.)... 

Crystals, mp 51.S, bp about 233. Appreciably volatile at 100° volatilizes in water vapors. Characteristic odor pungent, somewhat caustic taste, dj5 0.9699. nff 1.5227 njf 1.5204. One gram dissolves in about 1000 ml water, I ml alcohol, 0.7 ml chloroform, 1.5 ml ether, 1.7 ml olive oil at 25°. Sol in glacial acetic acid, oils, fixed alkali hydroxides. LDjj Orally in rats 980 mg/kg (Jenner). 

Vaporization characteristics of rare earth metals and rare earth sesquioxides. 

Elastic Sample slowly Ignition with small flame Odor of vapors Characteristic... 

In a flashing nozzle, it is likely that evaporation starts before the hquid reaches the nozzle exit. Depending on the amount of vapor, liquid and vapor characteristics, velocity, and pipe geometry different flow regimes may be observed in a pipe leading to a nozzle. The flow regime inside a pipe depends on the flow quality X, defined as the ratio of vapor mass flow rate, m, to the total mass flow rate m ... 

Analysis of the dynamic and vapor characteristics of continuous heavy rain during 6 8 June 2013 in Guilin China... 

Volatility. The desired vaporization characteristics of the MSA depend to a great extent on the regeneration scheme. If the component separated is to be recovered from the MSA by evaporation, either at ambient or at elevated temperatures, then a low-volatihty MSA is desirable. However, if a distillation-based regeneration scheme is employed for a hquid MSA, then some degree of volatihty and a low heat of vaporization may be advantageous. 

The DOE/METC report concludes that both zinc ferrite and zinc tilanate sorbents have the capability to reduce the hydrogen sulfide concentration in coal gas to less than 20 ppm in a fluidized bed reactor. However, the zinc ferrite sorbents were found to suffer structural weakening and losses due to attrition and vaporization at temperatures above about 550°C (1,022°F) whereas, the zinc titanate sorbents, prepared by a proprietary granulation technique, showed excellent sulfur capacity, regenerability, attrition resistance, and zinc vaporization characteristics at temperatures up to about 650°C (1,202°F). 

Liners can be fabricated in special shapes to attain the desired vaporization characteristics. 

Optical adsorption spectroscopy (process control) The characterization of a gaseous medium hy measuring the adsorption of a spectrum of radiation as it passes through the gas or vapor. Characteristic wavelengths are adsorbed by the gas and the amount of adsorption depends on the number density of atoms along the path length. Can be used as a vaporization rate monitor. 

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