Vanillyl mandelic acid

B.-M. Eriksson, B.-A. Persson and M. Wikstrom, Determination of urinary vanillyl-mandelic acid by direct injection and coupled-column clrromatography with electrochemical detection , 7. Chromatogr. 521 11-19 (1990). 

DOPA to 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine), (c) the /2-oxidation of dopamine to norepinephrine (NE), and (d) the inactivation of NE to 30-methylnorepinephrine (normetanephrine) or vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA), shed considerable light on the functional role of these neurotransmitters and their precursors (Figure 8). 

Bettex, M. and Kaser, H., Diagnostic and prognostic value of the determination of urinary output of vanillyl-mandelic acid in tumours of sympathetic nervous system. Arch. Dis. Childh. 37, 138 (1962). 

HYDROXY, 3-METHOXYMANDELIC ACID (HMMA) (VANILLYL-MANDELIC ACID, VMA)... 

Tyrosine hydroxylase tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first enzyme involved in the process of catecholamine syntheses. Some clinical and molecular studies found that the molecular detection of TH mRNA could be more sensitive than the monitoring of urinary vanillyl mandelic and homovarullic acid taking in consideration that more than 5% of neuroblastoma shows no elevation of urinary vanillyl mandelic and homovanillic acid because of incomplete catecholamine syntheses. 

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