Vanadium electronic configuration

With the outer electronic configuration 3d 4s vanadium can attain an oxidation state of -I- 5, but it shows all oxidation states between -I- 5 and -I- 2 in aqueous solution (cf titanium). 

In the older form of the periodic table, chromium was placed in Group VI, and there are some similarities to the chemistry of this group (Chapter 10). The outer electron configuration, 3d 4s. indicates the stability of the half-filled d level. 3d 4s being more stable than the expected 3d 4s for the free atom. Like vanadium and titanium, chromium can lose all its outer electrons, giving chromium)VI) however, the latter is strongly oxidising and is... 

Vanadium [7440-62-2] V, (at. no. 23, at. wt 50.942) is a member of Group 5 (VB) of the Periodic Table. It is a gray body-centered-cubic metal in the first transition series (electronic configuration When highly pure, it is very soft and dutile. Because of its high melting point, vanadium is referred to as a... 

In general, octahedral complexes of transition-metal ions possessing 0, 1, or 2 electrons beyond the electronic configuration of the preceding noble gas, ie, i/, (P configurations, are labile. The (P systems are usually inert the relative lability of vanadium(II) may be charge and/or redox related. 

Predict the ground-state electron configuration of (a) a vanadium atom and (b) a lead atom. 

Except for the elements at the ends of the rows, each transition metal can exist in several different oxidation states. The oxidation states displayed by the 3d transition metals are shown in Table 20-1. The most important oxidation states are highlighted in the table. The most common oxidation state for the 3d transition metals is +2, known for all the elements except Sc. Chromium, iron, and cobalt are also stable in the +3 oxidation state, and for vanadium and manganese the -H4 oxidation state is stable. Elements from scandium to manganese have a particularly stable oxidation state corresponding to the loss of ah the valence electrons configuration). 

The chart below shows electron configurations and partial orbital diagrams for the 18 elements of period 4. You would expect the filling pattern shown for potassium (Z = 19) through vanadium (Z = 23). However, an unexpected deviation from the pattern occurs with chromium (Z = 24). The same thing happens with copper (Z = 29). All other configurations for period 4 conform to the aufbau principle. 

Indicate the position of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum in Mendeleev s periodic table of the elements, the electron configurations and size of their atoms, and their oxidation states. 

For vanadium and chromium the first ionization energies are much lower than the first ionization energies of phosphorus and sulphur, respectively. This explains the high heats of formation of VC13 and CrCl3. In uranium, the tetravalent state is more stable than that in tungsten because uranium as an actinide has a different electron configuration. 

Figure 4 Electronic configurations of vanadium tris(l, 2-dithiolene) complexes (from ref. 54, based on the scheme in...

Measurements of wave-lengths in X-ray high frequency spectra are given in the references cited. The electron configuration of vanadium atoms has been investigated.1 Attempts have been made to bombard the vanadium atom with the view to obtaining hydrogen nuclei, but without result.5 Vanadium is not radioactive.6... 

As vanadium(m) has a d2 electron configuration with a triply degenerate ground state in octahedral symmetry, pseudooctahedral vanadium(III), in analogy to pseudotetrahedral nickel(II), is expected to display short electronic relaxation times. 

Transition elements. Elements of the first transition series are characterized by having incompletely filled 3d orbitals in one or more of their common oxidation states. The series includes scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, which have electronic configurations of the form (ls)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3[Pg.41]

Vanadium(II), of similar electronic configuration to Mo(III), can take the place of both Mo and Ti in this system. At alkaline pH and at 100 atm N2, it rapidly produces N2H4 (0.22 mol/g atom V) (75). Carbon monoxide is said not to be inhibitory (77). Kinetic results suggest that a four-electron reaction occurs via a tetramer of V ions as in Equation 15 with each V2+ giving up one electron (78). The direct reduction... 

The 0 + (vanadyl) ion is one of the most stable oxo-metal species known, and probably the most stable diatomic ion. Most of these properties stem from the ground-state electronic configuration of the vanadium atom, [Ar]3d, which shows similarities to the Cu + d system. The ion also lends itself to study by ESR because of the isotopic purity of the V isotope, its high nuclear spin, / = 7/2, and the single unpaired outer electron. 

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