Van der Meulen process

Other Bromides. Alkali and alkaline earth bromides can be prepared by neutralizing a solution of the corresponding hydroxide or carbonate with hydrobromic acid. Alternatively, bromine and a reducing agent such as ammonia are used in the van der Meulen process (13) ... 

Bromine is used for the production of alkali bromides that cannot be manufactured by the action of caustic soda on bromine because hypo-bromites and bromates are also produced. Thus, the van der Meulen process from the production of potassium bromide involves treating bromine with potassium carbonate in the presence of ammonia. 

Various a-methylenemacrolides were enzymatically polymerized to polyesters having polymerizable methacrylic methylene groups in the main chain (Fig. 3, left). The free-radical polymerization of these materials produced crosslinked polymer gels [10, 12]. A different chemoenzymatic approach to crosslinked polymers was recently introduced by van der Meulen et al. for novel biomedical materials [11]. Unsaturated macrolactones like globalide and ambrettolide were polymerized by enzymatic ROP. The clear advantage of the enzymatic process is that polymerizations of macrolactones occur very fast as compared to the chemically catalyzed reactions [13]. Thermal crosslinking of the unsaturated polymers in the melt yielded insoluble and fully amorphous materials (Fig. 3, right). 

Kiers, J. L., Nout, M. J. R., Rombouts, F. M., Van Andel, E. E., Nabuurs, M. J. A., Van der Meulen, J. (2006). Effect of processed and fermented soya bean on net absorption in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coZZ-infected piglet small intestine. British Journal of Nutrition, 95, 1193-1198. 

Gustavsson, T., Cassara, L., Gulbinas, V., Gurzadyan, G., Mialocq, J. -C., Pom-meret, S., Sorgius, M., and van der Meulen, P. 1998. Femtosecond spectroscopic study of relaxation processes of three amino-substituted Coumarin dyes in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. J. Phys. Chem. A 102, 4229-4245. 

Passive resorption is a solution-mediated process (extracellular liquid of the body) and predominantly initiates at potential stress accumulated regions in the structure. Porosities, grain boundaries, dislocations, cracks, irregularities, substitution ion sites, and atomic vacancies are known to be potential dissolution sites in ceramic apatites because of their higher sensitivity to acidic etching (Koerten and van der Meulen 1999 Ambard and Museninghoff 2006). 

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