Value touchstones

Since pollution prevention first entered the environmental lexicon in the 1980s, it has become a touchstone of U.S. environmental policy. To succeed, pollution prevention programs need sustained top management support and defined links to the company s core business activities. Equally important, the values represented in the program must fit with the academic institution, company, or individual s existing values. For example, syntheses that minimize wastes are environmentally Mendly and may provide quality improvements and cost and energy savings. Environmental consciousness should be incorporated early into chemical research (Lnnt and Bowen, 1996). 

As a manager you will evolve your own distinctive philosophy of how you want to manage, the kind of manager you want to be, the principles that will guide you. These personal values, like external purposes and projects, provide further touchstones that guide your integrity. 

As reproducibility standard deviation from interlaboratory method validation studies has been suggested as a basis for the estimation of measurement uncertainty if it is known sR can be compared with a GUM estimate. It may be that with good bias correction, the estimate may be less than the reproducibility, which tends to average out all systematic effects including ones not relevant to the present measurement. Another touchstone is the Horwitz relation discussed in section 6.5.4. A rule of thumb is that the reproducibility of a method (and therefore the estimated measurement uncertainty) should fall well within a factor of two of the Horwitz value. 

The consumer testing phase begins by negotiating the evaluation dimensions. Technical properties and durability become logieal faetors in the evaluation. Availability and price are also easily derivable eriteria. Environmental friendliness, soeietal compatibility, and recycling suitability become additional touchstones. Pragmatic criteria (properties and utility) are eom-bined with economie and value-driven dimensions from the sustainability debate, namely economie (saleability, cost-price effectiveness, availability). 

The basic requirements for all in situ quantification methods are as follow (a) The area of the starting spot must be the same for all samples and standards (b) samples and standards are chromatographed side by side on the same plate with the same mobile phase (c) the concentrations must be adjusted so that the standards and samples are closely bracketed, and so that the response is maximum and linear (d) the Rp values for samples and standards of a given compound should be as identical as possible and within the range of 0.3 to 0.7 (Touchstone et al., 1971). The accuracy of the results can be improved by repeating the analysis with the sample(s) and a narrowed range of standards. 

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