Valsalva’s manoeuvre

Liver veins easily depictable as far as the periphery, <6 mm, no wall echoes, lumen fluctuations during Valsalva s manoeuvre... 

The portal vein is 5-8 cm long with a diameter of 1.2 0.2 (or 0.97) cm. The portal venous pressure is 3-7 (-12) mmHg. It is dependent on several criteria posture, intra-abdominal pressure (e. g. coughing, compression), respiratory phase, Valsalva s manoeuvre and a number of biochemical mediators. (20)... 

Valsalva s manoeuvre. Tests for the sympathetic nerves system involve blood pressure response to standing and the Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) [11]. Abnormal test results are associated with premature cardiovascular disease and death in diabetic patients. 

Fig. 5.3. a Scan of the anterior abdominal wall with Valsalva manoeuvre shows the ventral hernia containing the bowel loops (BO) and the defect in the fascia (arrows), b Fatty epigastric hernia with herniation of the properitoneal fat (arrows), c Spigelian hernia shows the defect marked by calipers lateral to the rectus muscle (R) and the contents (BO) limited anteriorly by the Spigelian fascia (arrow), d Richter s type umbilical hernia shows fluid-filled hernial sac (arrowheads) and irreducible herniation of only a part of the circumference of the bowel (arrow), which showed wriggling peristaltic movement in real time... 

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