Utility systems, hazards process contamination

The waste streams created by utility systems tend, on the whole, to be less environmentally harmful than process waste. Unfortunately, complacency would be misplaced. Even though utility waste tends to be less harmful than process waste, the quantities of utility waste tend to be larger than process waste. This sheer volume can then result in greater environmental impact than process waste. Gaseous combustion products contribute in various ways to the greenhouse effect, acid rain and can produce a direct health hazard because of the formation of smog. The aqueous waste generated by utility systems can also be a major problem if it is contaminated. 

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is a very expensive utility. However, it is essential and serves a variety of purposes. Not only is it important to maintain constant temperature and humidity, it is also important to balance the pressure in the processing areas to minimize cross-contamination opportunities. Dust collection, as mentioned earlier, is very important when handling powders. The dust generated during some processes may be toxic and may pose an explosion hazard. This system is typically very closely associated with the HVAC system. 

Reuse and recycling electronic equipment is a beneficial alternative to disposal. An additional benefit is the reduced amount of hazardous and toxic substances entering the incineration and landfill disposal systems. Reuse serves to extend product life, thereby conserving the energy and raw materials required for new products, while avoiding the pollution and contamination associated with the energy utilization and processes to manufacture them [5j. 

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