Utility system equipment, energy

Gas-hquid contac ting systems are utilized for transferring mass, heat, and momentum between the phases, subject to constraints of physical and chemical equihbrium. Process equipment for such systems is designed to achieve the appropriate transfer operations with a minimum expenditure of energy and capital investment. 

A total analysis of high-speed rotating equipment requires a eomplex blend of performanee and vibration data. The trend toward total analysis is growing with the problems of an energy shortage and the need for maximum plant utilization. Performanee analysis is essential in the effieient utilization of turbomaehinery and, when eoupled with vibration analysis, is an unbeatable tool as a total diagnostie system. 

These newly developed systems came to be known as Energy Management and Control Systems (EMCS). The computer in use at this time was the minicomputer. These systems utilized energy saving features for optimizing equipment operation, offsetting electrical demand and initiated the shut-down of equipment when not in use. 

Specific Heat Release Rate. To utilize many combustion systems most effectively, the maximum power output is to be obtained for the smallest possible size and weight. As a result, the physical size of the combustion chamber as well as all other components should be held to a minimum. This requirement specifies that the specific heat release should be as high as possible. This quantity, usually expressed in energy units per unit volume, unit time, and unit pressure squared, is a measure of the ability to heat the gases used in the thermodynamic cycle. Some idea of the orders of magnitude of prevailing heat releases in combustion equipment can be obtained from the values in Table II. 

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