Utero toxicity

Shum, S., N.M. Jensen, and D.W. Nebert. The Murine Ah locus In utero toxicity and teratogenesis associated with genetic differences in benzo(a)pyrene metabolism. Teratology 20 365-376, 1979. 

Legaverend C, Guenther TM, Nebert DW. 1984. Importance of the route of administration for genetic differences in benzo(a)pyrene-induced in utero toxicity and teratogenicity. Teratology 29 35-47. 

Embryotoxicity and Fetotoxicity—Any toxic effect on the conceptus as a result of prenatal exposure to a chemical the distinguishing feature between the two terms is the stage of development during which the insult occurs. The terms, as used here, include malformations and variations, altered growth, and in utero death. 

An area of emerging importance is developmental toxicity. Here we are concerned about the effect of the chemical on the developing embryo and fetus (exposures received in utero), and on the further development of the infant and child subsequent to birth, at which time chemical exposure may cease, or may continue to weaning because the chemical received by the mother is transferred to her milk. Or it may continue throughout life because there are sources of the chemical in addition to that supplied by the mother because of her exposure. 

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