Urinary incontinence epidemiology

Payne CK (1998) Epidemiology, pathophysiology and evaluation of urinary incontinence and over-active bladder. Urology 51 3-10... 

Process analysis looks at the logical sequence in a model where for instance the forecast for a product can be derived from a set of reasonably hard data (such as epidemiological data sets, perhaps of disease incidence, prevalence or death rates). Knowing the numbers of patients suffering from a particular disease such as stress urinary incontinence (SUI), one can state various assumptions which are either fact-based or logical and from this produce a forecast (see Figure 1.2). 

There has been much discussion about the safety or risks of diuretics in elderly people. Although diuretic use has been implicated as a cause of urinary incontinence, no evidence has been presented to confirm this. An epidemiological survey of 1956 respondents aged at least 60 years showed no significant difference between diuretic-users and nonusers in the prevalence of incontinence (158). 

Arnold EP, Burgio K, Diokno AC, et al. Epidemiology and natural history of urinary incontinence (Ul). In Abrams P, Khoury S, Wein... 

Brown JS, Nyberg LM, Kusek JW, et al. Proceedings of the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases International Symposium on Epidemiologic Issues in Urinary Incontinence in Women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 188 877—S88. 

Malmsten UG, Milsom I, Molander U, Norlen LJ. Urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms An epidemiological study of men aged 45-99 years. J Urol 1997 158 1733-1737. 

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