Urinary incontinence catheterization

The diagnosis and treatment of bladder dysfunction and urinary incontinence in horses is rather primitive compared with that in human patients with these problems (Wise Cardozo 1994). In humans, the management of these conditions includes a variety of procedures (e.g. exercises, behavioral therapy and surgery) as well as adjunctive drug treatment. Finally, urine scalding is not a problem in human patients with incontinence because they can either wear protective garments or be taught to self-catheterize. 

In the elderly, the ratio of bacteriuria in women and men is dramatically altered and is approximately equal in persons over the age of 65. ° The overall incidence of UTI increases substantially in this population, with the majority of infections being asymptomatic. The rate of infection increases further for elderly persons who are residing in nursing homes, particularly those who are hospitalized frequently. The increase is probably the result of a number of factors, including obstruction from prostatic hypertrophy in males, poor bladder emptying as a result of prolapse in females, fecal incontinence in demented patients, neuromuscular disease, including strokes, and increased urinary instrumentation (catheterization). 

Two types of urinary tract symptoms are commonly seen in MS incomplete bladder emptying and incontinence. Incomplete bladder emptying is due to dyscoordination of the external urethral sphincter and detrusor activity.14 Most patients who develop this condition require intermittent or permanent uri-I nary catheterization.14 Incontinence in most MS patients is... 

Incontinence is common after stroke and may be permanent (Brittain et al. 1998). Catheterization is often required to maintain skin care, at least initially. Urinary infection is common owing to immobility and the use of urinary catheters. 

Integumentary System Assistance with turning and pressure shifts to prevent pressure sores, attention to avoiding extremes of heat and cold, especially for people with spinal cord injury Elimination System Urinary catheters and catheterization supplies, extra incontinence padding... 

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